供水系统漏损量组份的分析研究
发布时间：2018-10-17 15:16
【摘要】：随着城市供水管网规模扩大及对供水安全性和经济性要求的不断提高,管网漏损控制管理越来越受到重视。结合城市供水管网漏损评定标准的修编,研究漏损构成中各部分的确定方法,从而为供水企业开展漏损评定和控制提供技术支撑具有很重要的现实意义。我国在漏控方面与国际先进水平存在差距,国际水协提出了一系列有关漏损控制的方法和策略,并推荐以水量平衡表为漏损分析的基础工具。通过水量平衡计算,厘清漏损水量构成,找出优先控制目标并制定针对性的措施。在国内推广应用水量平衡表已成业内共识,但如何结合我国供水行业技术和管理特点进行应用是需要解决的一个主要问题;同时,针对应用过程中发现的问题如何改进管理和健全制度也很重要。研究中,采用国内供水单位的数据资料,以修正的水平衡表对其漏损水量构成分别进行了解析,发现多数企业目前的数据资料无法支撑所需的分析,难以实现对漏损组分的准确解析,因此,迫切需要在新的行业标准中加以指导和规范。供水系统的漏损量可分成漏失水量、计量损失水量和其他损失水量三部分。其中,漏失水量是由管网不同形式的破损造成的水量损失,包括明漏、暗漏和背景漏失。明漏水量计算方法较为明确和统一,背景漏失水量影响权重小,而暗漏由于影响因素多且估算方法差异大,缺乏可比性,是分析研究的难点。研究中选择6类国内常用的估算暗漏水量的方法,以暗漏形态特点和影响因素分析为基础,对其适用性从理论和实际应用方面分别进行了分析;同时参考国外的经验,提出了建议的适用于常见的孔状漏点的流量估算公式。由于供水管道一般埋设于土壤中,受多种环境因素影响,漏点周围的压力和流速变化很难实测。研究中还利用FLUENT软件,对供水管道暗漏漏点周围流速场、压力场变化特点进行仿真计算分析,可为暗漏漏点流量估算公式中参数的确定提供参考依据。计量损失水量包括计量器具误差和计量传递误差产生的水量损失。根据我国供水系统的计量体系特点,大水量用户(非居民用户)表具误差水量所占比重较大,对企业经济效益影响也最大;此外,随着查表入户率的提高,居民用户的总、分表计量传递误差所产生的水量损失也是不可忽视的漏损控制重点。研究中通过在实际供水管网中设计的现场实验:即大水量用户现状水表与高精度水表的串联实验和小区居民用户总、分表误差检测实验,分别对非居民用户表具误差率和居民用户总分表差率进行了分析和测算,得出的结果为水平衡分析中计量损失水量的确定提供了试验依据。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of the scale of urban water supply network and the continuous improvement of water supply safety and economic requirements, more and more attention has been paid to pipe network leakage control management. Combined with the revision of the criteria for the assessment of leakage in urban water supply networks, it is of great practical significance to study the methods of determining the components of leakage losses, so as to provide technical support for water supply enterprises to carry out leakage assessment and control. There is a gap between China and the international advanced level in leakage control. The International Water Association has put forward a series of methods and strategies about leakage control and recommended the water balance table as the basic tool for leakage analysis. Through the calculation of water balance, the composition of leakage water loss is clarified, the priority control target is found and the corresponding measures are made. It has become a consensus in the industry to popularize and apply the water balance table in China, but how to apply it in combination with the technical and management characteristics of the water supply industry in China is a major problem to be solved. It is also important to improve the management and improve the system for the problems found in the application process. In the study, using the data of domestic water supply units and the revised water balance table, the composition of leakage water volume is analyzed separately, and it is found that the current data of most enterprises can not support the needed analysis. It is difficult to accurately analyze the leakage components, so it is urgent to guide and standardize the leakage components in the new industry standards. The leakage loss of water supply system can be divided into three parts: leakage, metering and other lost water. The loss of water is caused by the damage of different forms of the pipe network, including leakage, leakage and background leakage. The calculation method of clear leakage is clear and unified, the weight of background leakage is small, but the hidden leakage is difficult to be analyzed because of many factors and large difference of estimation methods. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the dark leakage and the influencing factors, the applicability of the method is analyzed theoretically and practically, and the experience of foreign countries is also referred to, and the six kinds of methods commonly used to estimate the dark leakage in China are selected in this study, which are based on the analysis of the characteristics of the dark leakage and the influencing factors. A suggested flow estimation formula for common hole leakage points is proposed. Because the water supply pipeline is usually buried in the soil and affected by many environmental factors, the variation of pressure and velocity around the leakage point is difficult to be measured. FLUENT software is also used to simulate and analyze the variation characteristics of velocity field and pressure field around the leakage point of water supply pipeline, which can provide a reference for the determination of parameters in the formula for estimating the flow rate of hidden leakage point. Water loss includes water loss caused by measuring instrument error and metering transfer error. According to the characteristics of the metering system of water supply system in our country, the large quantity of water users (non-resident users) has a large proportion of the error water quantity, which has the greatest impact on the economic benefit of the enterprises. In addition, with the increase of the household access rate of the meter, the total number of the residents' users, The water loss caused by metering error is also the key point of leakage control. In the research, through the field experiment designed in the actual water supply network, that is, the series experiment of the water meter and the high precision water meter of the large quantity of water users and the test of the total measuring error of the residents in the residential area, the experiment of measuring the error of the meter is carried out. The error rate of non-resident user table and the difference rate of total score of resident user are analyzed and calculated respectively. The results provide the experimental basis for determining the quantity of lost water in the analysis of water balance.
【学位授予单位】：北京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU991.33
[Abstract]:With the expansion of the scale of urban water supply network and the continuous improvement of water supply safety and economic requirements, more and more attention has been paid to pipe network leakage control management. Combined with the revision of the criteria for the assessment of leakage in urban water supply networks, it is of great practical significance to study the methods of determining the components of leakage losses, so as to provide technical support for water supply enterprises to carry out leakage assessment and control. There is a gap between China and the international advanced level in leakage control. The International Water Association has put forward a series of methods and strategies about leakage control and recommended the water balance table as the basic tool for leakage analysis. Through the calculation of water balance, the composition of leakage water loss is clarified, the priority control target is found and the corresponding measures are made. It has become a consensus in the industry to popularize and apply the water balance table in China, but how to apply it in combination with the technical and management characteristics of the water supply industry in China is a major problem to be solved. It is also important to improve the management and improve the system for the problems found in the application process. In the study, using the data of domestic water supply units and the revised water balance table, the composition of leakage water volume is analyzed separately, and it is found that the current data of most enterprises can not support the needed analysis. It is difficult to accurately analyze the leakage components, so it is urgent to guide and standardize the leakage components in the new industry standards. The leakage loss of water supply system can be divided into three parts: leakage, metering and other lost water. The loss of water is caused by the damage of different forms of the pipe network, including leakage, leakage and background leakage. The calculation method of clear leakage is clear and unified, the weight of background leakage is small, but the hidden leakage is difficult to be analyzed because of many factors and large difference of estimation methods. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the dark leakage and the influencing factors, the applicability of the method is analyzed theoretically and practically, and the experience of foreign countries is also referred to, and the six kinds of methods commonly used to estimate the dark leakage in China are selected in this study, which are based on the analysis of the characteristics of the dark leakage and the influencing factors. A suggested flow estimation formula for common hole leakage points is proposed. Because the water supply pipeline is usually buried in the soil and affected by many environmental factors, the variation of pressure and velocity around the leakage point is difficult to be measured. FLUENT software is also used to simulate and analyze the variation characteristics of velocity field and pressure field around the leakage point of water supply pipeline, which can provide a reference for the determination of parameters in the formula for estimating the flow rate of hidden leakage point. Water loss includes water loss caused by measuring instrument error and metering transfer error. According to the characteristics of the metering system of water supply system in our country, the large quantity of water users (non-resident users) has a large proportion of the error water quantity, which has the greatest impact on the economic benefit of the enterprises. In addition, with the increase of the household access rate of the meter, the total number of the residents' users, The water loss caused by metering error is also the key point of leakage control. In the research, through the field experiment designed in the actual water supply network, that is, the series experiment of the water meter and the high precision water meter of the large quantity of water users and the test of the total measuring error of the residents in the residential area, the experiment of measuring the error of the meter is carried out. The error rate of non-resident user table and the difference rate of total score of resident user are analyzed and calculated respectively. The results provide the experimental basis for determining the quantity of lost water in the analysis of water balance.
【学位授予单位】：北京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU991.33
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