最低工资对收入分配影响的研究

发布时间：2018-11-26 13:16

【摘要】：中国最低工资制度起步于1993年原劳动部发布的《企业最低工资规定》。2004年原劳动和社会保障部颁布了《最低工资规定》,推动了这一制度在中国的全面实施。关于最低工资的影响,大多数研究关注其就业效应,本文则研究其收入分配效应,即最低工资对收入分配差距的影响。本文关于最低工资对收入分配影响的研究主要从以下几个方面展开。首先从最低工资基本概念、国内外研究经验以及影响机理三个方面,由理论层面为最低工资对收入分配影响的研究进行铺垫。其次从我国最低工资标准的发展现状以及最低工资标准与相关国民经济指标对比这两个方面出发,描述出我国最低工资制度目前的水平与实际效果,以及对于收入分配的影响程度。再次从宏观和微观两个角度分析最低工资对收入分配的影响。此外通过最低工资波纹效应的测算,延展深化最低工资对于收入分配影响的分析。本文研究发现,我国最低工资制度对收入分配存在着显著的影响。第一,微观分析结果显示,最低工资标准的提升有效的起到了"提低"的作用,降低了低收入人群的收入分配差距。第二,宏观分析结果显示,最低工资可以有效地缩小收入分配差距,其结果与微观部分结论相呼应且范围更广。从分地区看,东北地区的最低工资标准与收入差距负相关,东部和西部地区尽管不显著但二者也呈现负相关关系。第三,通过对波纹效应的测算发现,全国最低工资存在较为明显的波纹效应。其中东北地区最低工资增速带动社会平均工资增速提升;中部地区二者成反向变化,起到了调节收入分配、缩小收入差距的作用;东部地区没有明显的波纹效应;西部地区最低工资标准增速和平均工资增速之间的关系不明确。基于最低工资可以起到调节收入分配差距的研究结论,本文提出了几点政策建议:一是继续完善最低工资的制度建设;二是强化最低工资标准的法律和制度地位;三是强化工会以及行业协会在调整和实施最低工资标准方面的作用;四是建立最低工资标准调整与社会平均工资挂钩的机制;五是加大社会财富向居民分配倾斜的力度,切实让人民享受到经济发展的成果。
[Abstract]:China's minimum wage system started in 1993 when the Ministry of Labor issued the "minimum wage regulations for Enterprises". In 2004, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security promulgated the "minimum wage regulations", which promoted the full implementation of this system in China. As to the influence of minimum wage, most studies focus on its employment effect, and this paper studies its income distribution effect, that is, the influence of minimum wage on income distribution gap. In this paper, the impact of minimum wage on income distribution is mainly carried out from the following aspects. First of all, from the basic concept of minimum wage, domestic and foreign research experience and influence mechanism three aspects, from the theoretical level for the minimum wage on income distribution research. Secondly, this paper describes the current level and actual effect of the minimum wage system from the following two aspects: the development of the minimum wage standard in China and the comparison between the minimum wage standard and the relevant national economic indicators. And the impact on income distribution. Again from macro-and micro-perspectives to analyze the impact of minimum wage on income distribution. In addition, through the calculation of the corrugated effect of minimum wage, this paper extends and deepens the analysis of the effect of minimum wage on income distribution. This paper finds that the minimum wage system has a significant impact on income distribution. Firstly, the results of microcosmic analysis show that the increase of minimum wage has played a role of "raising low" and reducing the income distribution gap of low-income people. Second, the results of macro analysis show that the minimum wage can effectively narrow the income distribution gap, and the results are consistent with the microscopic part of the conclusion and the scope is wider. The minimum wage in Northeast China is negatively correlated with the income gap, while the eastern and western regions have a negative correlation, although they are not significant. Thirdly, the corrugated effect of the national minimum wage is obvious by measuring the corrugated effect. The growth rate of minimum wage in Northeast region leads to the increase of average social wage growth; the two changes in the central region play a role in regulating income distribution and narrowing the income gap; there is no obvious ripple effect in the eastern region; The relationship between the minimum wage rate and the average wage growth rate in the western region is unclear. Based on the conclusion that the minimum wage can adjust the income distribution gap, this paper puts forward several policy suggestions: first, to continue to improve the system construction of the minimum wage; second, to strengthen the legal and institutional status of the minimum wage standard; Third, strengthen the role of trade unions and trade associations in the adjustment and implementation of minimum wage standards, fourth, establish a mechanism to link the adjustment of minimum wage standards with the average social wages; Fifth, increase the distribution of social wealth to the residents, so that the people enjoy the fruits of economic development.
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F249.24;F126.2

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