系统功能语法框架下奥巴马每周电台演讲的及物性分析

发布时间：2018-12-11 00:37

【摘要】：自从韩礼德(1967)突破传统语法对及物性的定义,从语义的层面上解释及物性的概念以来,国内外学者对及物性的理论及其应用越来越关注。本文主要运用韩礼德系统功能语言学系统中的及物性理论来分析美国现任总统奥巴马如何通过每周电台演讲来提升政治影响力。通过对及物性系统中过程和参与者分布状况的研究试图探究语言背后的政治动机,同时作者试图通过探索及物性意念功能的实现寻求其广泛的社会意义。具体来说,有以下四个研究问题:第一,在所选取的奥巴马每周电台演讲语篇中,六个及物过程的分布情况是怎样的?为什么?第二,在所选取的奥巴马每周电台演讲语篇中,六个及物过程的功能是什么?第三,在不同主题的电台演讲中,六个及物性过程的分布情况是怎样的?为什么?第四,主要参与者的分布情况是怎样的?为什么?基于大量的现有研究,作者从2014年至2016年期间的奥巴马每周电台演讲中选取了二十四篇作为语篇分析的资料来探索其意念功能的实现。演讲根据不同主题被作者归类为教育、经济、军事、环境、节日问候、民生。为保证数据的信度和效度,作者采取定量研究和定性研究相结合的研究方法对数据进行统计分析,Word Smith是本文研究过程中的主要数据统计工具。研究结果表明:在奥巴马电台演说中,物质过程出现频率最广,关系和心理过程分列二、三位。物质过程大量分布在描述政府作为和重建美国人民信心这两部分,用具体、客观的动作过程来增强说服力和语言上的节奏感与爆发力。关系过程更广泛的分布于惠民政策解读部分,奥巴马总统也使用心理过程表明自己对不同事件和对象的立场及态度。物质过程和关系过程的分布性最广,也表明政治领导者力求公正客观地反映现实世界,使其演讲更具公信力和说服力。通过对参与者的分析发现,we/our/us作为过程的参与者出现的频率最大,这是由于奥巴马总统故意想和美国民众拉近距离,以求得美国民众的认同感。而对于美国的敌人恐怖分子,奥巴马总统大都以they相称,表明一种对立关系。You/your的频率虽然相对较低,但在每周电台演讲中被用在祝结尾祝福语中。奥巴马总统的演讲中很少用I/my/me,足见奥巴马本人的谦恭性格,以及演讲语言力求客观,和不带有个人偏见。鉴于主客观的条件限制,本研究并未涉及及物性系统中环境因素的考察以及奥巴马电台演讲的与其他演讲的共时比较,也未涉及奥巴马不同任期内的每周电台演讲的历时比较。这些问题有待于在今后的研究中能够得到进一步的探讨。
[Abstract]:Since Halliday (1967) broke through the traditional definition of grammatical pairs and transitivity and interpreted the concepts of transitivity from the semantic level scholars at home and abroad have paid more and more attention to the theory and application of transitivity. This paper mainly uses the theory of Halliday's system of functional linguistics to analyze how current US President Barack Obama can enhance his political influence through his weekly radio address. Through the study of the process and the distribution of participants in the transitivity system, the author tries to explore the political motivation behind the language, and at the same time, the author tries to seek its broad social significance by exploring and realizing the function of transitivity and ideation. Specifically, there are four research questions as follows: first, what is the distribution of the six transitivity processes in the selected weekly radio discourse of Obama? Why? Second, what are the functions of the six transitivity processes in the selected weekly radio discourse of Obama? Third, what is the distribution of the six and physical processes in radio speeches on different topics? Why? Fourth, what is the distribution of the main participants? Why? Based on a large number of existing studies, the author selected 24 articles from his weekly radio speeches from 2014 to 2016 to explore the realization of his mental function. Lectures are classified according to their themes as education, economics, military, environment, holiday greetings, and people's livelihood. In order to ensure the reliability and validity of the data, the author adopts the method of combining quantitative and qualitative research to analyze the data statistically., Word Smith is the main data statistical tool in the research process of this paper. The results show that in Obama's radio speech, the material process appears most frequently, the relationship and the psychological process are in the second and third places respectively. The material process is widely distributed in describing the government as and rebuilding the confidence of the American people, using concrete and objective action processes to enhance persuasion and verbal rhythm and explosive power. The relationship process is more widely used in the interpretation of pro-democracy policy, and President Obama also uses psychological processes to express his position and attitude towards different events and objects. The distribution of material and relational processes is the most extensive, which also shows that political leaders strive to reflect the real world fairly and objectively, and make their speeches more credible and persuasive. An analysis of the participants found that we/our/us appeared the most frequently as a participant in the process, as President Obama deliberately sought to reach out to the American people in order to gain a sense of identity. For America's enemy terrorists, President Obama is mostly matched by they, a sign of opposition. You/your, though relatively low in frequency, is used in weekly radio speeches to celebrate the blessings at the end of the week. President Obama rarely uses I / M in his speeches, illustrating Obama's personal humility and the objective and unbiased language of his speech. In view of the constraints of subjective and objective conditions, this study does not cover the investigation of environmental factors in the physical system, the synchronic comparison of Obama radio speeches with other speeches, and the diachronic comparison of weekly radio speeches during Obama's different administrations. These problems need to be further discussed in the future research.
【学位授予单位】：湖北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H314.3

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