基于BIM的建筑物碳足迹评价研究

发布时间：2018-12-29 19:20

【摘要】：随着社会的进步,环境问题日益突出,由温室效应引发的气候变化已越来越明显,如何减少温室气体的排放成为世界各国亟待解决的问题。为了有效的衡量温室气体的减排效果,多种温室气体计量方法已被建立,其中,碳足迹方法在世界范围内得到了广泛应用。建筑业在国民经济中的地位极其重要,同时,由建筑业所产生碳排放也很高,据统计,建筑业产生的碳排放占全部碳排放的30%以上。其中,建筑物物化阶段产生的温室气体排放在全生命期中占18%左右,但目前关于此阶段的碳足迹研究尚不深入。本文为快速计算建筑物物化阶段碳足迹,将物化阶段温室气体排放归结为建筑材料碳足迹、施工机械碳足迹、运输碳足迹三大来源；通过对施工现场进行实际调研,更新了运输碳足迹因子数据库,并据此提出运输碳足迹计算方法,建立了物化阶段碳足迹快速评价模型；研究了应用BIM技术及《建筑工程消耗量定额》获取工程量清单的方法,将BIM技术与计算机技术应用到碳足迹评价中,明确碳足迹计算数据来源,使得碳足迹评价系统化、规范化,开发并建立了“建筑施工碳足迹核算系统”。最后结合案例进行系统应用分析,并对来自辽宁省和云南省的15个建筑物进行建筑物物化阶段碳足迹南北差异分析。分析结果显示,建筑材料碳足迹、施工机械碳足迹、运输碳足迹占总碳足迹的比例分别为94.2%、4.7%、1.1%；南方地区的建筑材料碳足迹水平要高于北方地区,但施工机械碳足迹水平要低于北方,运输碳足迹方面相差甚微。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, environmental problems become more and more prominent, and the climate change caused by Greenhouse Effect has become more and more obvious. How to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has become an urgent problem to be solved all over the world. In order to effectively measure the effect of greenhouse gas emission reduction, a variety of greenhouse gas measurement methods have been established, among which, the carbon footprint method has been widely used in the world. The construction industry plays an extremely important role in the national economy. At the same time, the carbon emissions produced by the construction industry are also very high. According to statistics, the carbon emissions generated by the construction industry account for more than 30% of the total carbon emissions. Among them, the greenhouse gas emissions from the physical and chemical stage of buildings account for about 18% of the total life cycle, but the current research on the carbon footprint in this stage is not in-depth. In order to quickly calculate the carbon footprint of the physical and chemical stage of buildings, the greenhouse gas emissions in the physical and chemical stage are reduced to three major sources: the carbon footprint of building materials, the carbon footprint of construction machinery and the carbon footprint of transportation. Through the actual investigation on the construction site, the database of transport carbon footprint factor is updated, and the calculation method of transport carbon footprint is put forward, and the fast evaluation model of carbon footprint in physical and chemical stage is established. This paper studies the method of obtaining the bill of quantities by using BIM technology and "consumption quota of Building Engineering", applies BIM technology and computer technology to carbon footprint evaluation, defines the source of carbon footprint calculation data, and systematizes the carbon footprint evaluation. Standardization, development and establishment of "building construction carbon footprint accounting system." Finally, a systematic application analysis was carried out with cases, and the differences of carbon footprint between North and South of 15 buildings from Liaoning Province and Yunnan Province were analyzed in the physical and chemical stages of buildings. The results show that the proportion of carbon footprint of building materials, construction machinery and transportation to total carbon footprint is 94.2and 4.7and 1.1 respectively. The carbon footprint of construction materials in the south is higher than that in the north, but the carbon footprint of construction machinery is lower than that of the north, and there is little difference in the carbon footprint of transportation.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU17;TU201.5

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