广西三匹虎自然保护区维管植物区系及资源保护研究

发布时间：2019-01-02 14:38

【摘要】：广西三匹虎自然保护区位于广西南丹、天峨两县,总面积3081.9hm2。本文采用资料收集与实地调查相结合的方法,通过对广西三匹虎自然保护区内的植物鉴定和数据统计,研究了保护区内维管植物区系的组成、维管植物区系的特点;分析了自然保护区内主要维管植物群落类型多样性,并探讨三匹虎自然保护区内的植被随地形因子的分布规律;在摸清该区植物种类以及当前植物资源的开发利用现状的基础上,有针对性地提出保护区植物资源的保护措施及建议,为该区植物资源的规划设计,利用开发以及可持续利用提供参考资料及理论依据。主要研究结果如下:(1)在大量野外调查的基础上,结合各部门多年来前人调查研究成果及相关的资料,利用相关的工具书,编制了《广西三匹虎自然保护区植物名录》,发现保护区约有197科696属1348种(包括变种、亚种、栽培变种和变型)维管植物。其中蕨类植物34科64属109种,裸子植物6科11属13种,被子植物157科617属1226种。(2)植物区系具有较明显的热带特点:蕨类植物全部为野生类型;野生裸子植物只有3科3属4种,种类贫乏;被子植物中的单子叶植物有24科103属172种(其中栽培植物有7科12属16种),双子叶植物有133科514属1054种(其中栽培植物约有37科68属94种),野生维管植物以热带分布科为主,占56.94%,温带分布的科为辅,占23.62%,世界分布科占19.44%。与周边自然保护区比较,植物属数和种数的T/R值大小排列顺序为:西双版纳、鼎湖山、三匹虎、雅长、九万山,三匹虎自然保护区属于亚热带植物分布地区。(3)三匹虎自然保护区形成复杂多样的植被类型,其植被水平带均属于中亚热带范围,南北及东西水平植被差异不大,地带性植被类型均为中亚热带常绿阔叶林;植被垂直分布大至有如下几种类型:①亚热带山地常绿阔叶林;②亚热带山地常绿、落叶阔叶混交林;③亚热带山地落叶阔叶林。(4)保护区内各类资源植物丰富,有材用、药用、纤维、芳香、鞣料、油脂、树脂、胶用、橡胶、淀粉、食用、色素、饲料、甜味、经济昆虫寄主、蜜源、农药植物等17大类原料性资源植物;非原料性资源植物有保护和改造环境植物资源(绿化观赏、环境监测和抗环境污染、改良土壤)及植物种质资源植物等。(5)针对三匹虎自然保护区植物资源,提出了可持续保护利用措施:适当的山谷地区建坝蓄水,发展水电和渔业生产;规划旅游专线,开展森林旅游和科学旅游;综合开发环保型产业。与保护区周边的村民在今后开展保护区社区共管工作,实现保护区内生物多样性保护与周边村民可持续发展的结合。(6)三匹虎自然保护区内珍稀保护植物丰富,共有国家重点野生保护植物12种,其中一级保护植物2种(桫椤、苏铁);二级保护植物10种。
[Abstract]:Guangxi three tiger nature reserve is located in Nandan, Guangxi, Tiane two counties, with a total area of 3081.9 hm2. In this paper, by means of data collection and field investigation, the composition and characteristics of vascular flora in Sanpihu Nature Reserve of Guangxi were studied by means of plant identification and data statistics. The diversity of main vascular plant communities in nature reserve was analyzed, and the distribution of vegetation with topographic factors in Sanpihu Nature Reserve was discussed. On the basis of understanding the plant species and the current situation of plant resources exploitation and utilization in this area, this paper puts forward the protective measures and suggestions for the plant resources in the reserve, which can be used for the planning and design of plant resources in this area. Use development and sustainable use to provide reference materials and theoretical basis. The main research results are as follows: (1) on the basis of a large number of field investigations, combining with the previous research results and related data of various departments over the years, and using the relevant reference books, we have compiled the Plant Directory of Guangxi Sanpiihu Nature Reserve. It is found that there are 1348 species (including varieties, subspecies, cultivated varieties and forms) of vascular plants in 696 genera of 197 families. Among them, there are 109 species of pteridophytes, 64 genera, 34 families, 13 species of gymnosperms, and 1226 species of angiosperms, 157 families, 617 genera. (2) the flora has obvious tropical characteristics: all pteridophytes are wild types; There are only 3 families, 3 genera and 4 species of wild gymnosperms. There are 172 species of monocotyledonous plants (including 7 families, 12 genera and 16 species) in angiosperms, and 1054 species of dicotyledonous plants (including about 37 families, 68 genera and 94 species). The main species of wild vascular plants were tropical distributionfamily (56.94), temperate distribution (23.62 2) and world distribution (19.44%). Compared with the surrounding nature reserves, the order of T / R values of plant genera and species is: Xishuangbanna, Dinghushan, three tigers, Yachang, 90,000 mountains, The Sanpihu Nature Reserve belongs to the subtropical plant distribution area. (3) Sanpihu Nature Reserve forms complex and diverse vegetation types, and its vegetation horizontal zone belongs to the middle subtropical zone, and there is no significant difference between the North and the South and the East and West level vegetation. The vegetation types in the zonal zone are all evergreen broad-leaved forests in the middle subtropics. The vertical distribution of vegetation is as follows: (1) evergreen broad-leaved forest in subtropical mountainous region, (2) evergreen forest in subtropical mountain area, and (2) mixed deciduous broad-leaved forest; 3 deciduous broad-leaved forest in subtropical mountainous region. (4) there are abundant resources in the reserve, such as medicinal, fiber, aromatic, tanning, grease, resin, gum, rubber, starch, edible, pigment, feed, sweet taste, etc. Economic insect host, nectar source, pesticide plant and so on 17 kinds of raw material resources plant; Non-raw resources plants include protection and transformation of environmental plant resources (virescence and ornamental, environmental monitoring and resistance to environmental pollution, improvement of soil) and plant germplasm resources. (5) Plant resources in Sanpihu Nature Reserve. The measures of sustainable protection and utilization are put forward, such as the construction of dam and water storage in the valley area, the development of hydropower and fishery production; Plan special tourism lines, develop forest tourism and scientific tourism, and comprehensively develop environmental protection industries. In order to realize the combination of biodiversity conservation and the sustainable development of villagers around the reserve in the future, the community management work with the villagers around the reserve will be carried out in the future. (6) the rare and protected plants in Sanpihu Nature Reserve are abundant. There are 12 species of national key wild protected plants, 2 species of primary protected plants (Alsophila spinulosa, Cycas cycas); 10 species of secondary protected plants.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q948

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