公司管理层特征对会计稳健性的影响研究

发布时间：2019-01-09 07:56

【摘要】：稳健性原则是我国现行企业会计准则中一项重要原则,对会计实务有着十分重要的指导作用,因此也一直是会计理论研究的热点。然而,随着公允价值被引入到会计计量中,各国学者开始对稳健性原则的存在提出了质疑:即会计稳健性原则可能导致不能真实反映资产的价值。虽然存在诸多质疑,仍有众多学者支持会计稳健性,他们采用实证方法证明了会计稳健性在解决公司治理中的实际问题方面具有一定作用。在2008年经济危机之后,学者们发现大多数采用稳健的会计政策的公司躲过了这场经济危机幸存下来,再次证明了在公司生存和发展中会计稳健性的重要作用。可见处于风云变幻、形势复杂的经济环境中,会计稳健性有其存在的必要。现代企业中存在着各种治理问题,公司高管是公司治理的主体,若想解决公司治理问题就应从管理者入手。通过分析高阶、委托代理、信号和契约理论这些经济管理学基础理论可知公司高管将对会计政策选择、企业发展策略起着至关重要的作用。高管自身特征会影响其决策选择,而高管的自身特征会进一步影响其对于会计政策的选择。因此公司高管不同的特征也会影响到会计稳健性,本文主要研究了公司高管年龄、性别、学历水平等特征会对会计稳健性产生怎样的影响。本文首先对国内外现有文献中关于会计稳健性和公司高管团队的研究成果进行了总结回顾。经总结发现目前的研究方向和成果主要集中在影响会计稳健性的因素和影响后果等方面,而针对高管特征对会计稳健性的影响的研究较少,且关于高管团队人员的界定和特征选择的研究较少。其次,经结合高阶、委托代理、信号、和契约理论等进行理论分析后,发现高层管理者对于会计稳健性的影响的确是不可忽视的,其自身特征将影响其判断力和政策选择。因此本文拟从管理者特征这一角度出发研究高管特征对会计稳健性的影响。在研究了以往的研究成果和理论后选择了适合的公司高管特征:年龄、性别、学历和持股情况作为研究对象,同时界定了公司高管团队的主体包括:董事长、总经理和财务总监。再次,由于业界对于会计稳健性的度量存在诸多模型,本文经研究借鉴Khan和Watts(2009)的模型,度量了会计稳健性指数C-Score,最终构建出计量年龄、性别、学历和持股情况对会计稳健性的影响的模型。本文选取2010—2014年五年沪深主板上市公司的数据,经描述性统计分析分析和回归分析发现:根据度量的会计稳健性指数样本存在会计稳健性。管理层的年龄、学历与会计稳健性呈显著的正相关关系。公司高管性别和财务总监持股对会计稳健性无显著相关关系。最终根据得出的结论对高层管理团队建设提出了相关建议。
[Abstract]:The principle of conservatism is an important principle in the current accounting standards of enterprises in our country, which plays a very important guiding role in accounting practice. Therefore, it has been a hot spot in the research of accounting theory. However, with the introduction of fair value into accounting measurement, scholars in various countries begin to question the existence of conservatism principle: that is, accounting conservatism principle may not truly reflect the value of assets. Although there are many doubts, there are still many scholars support accounting conservatism, they use empirical methods to prove that accounting conservatism plays a certain role in solving the practical problems in corporate governance. After the 2008 economic crisis, scholars found that the majority of companies adopting prudent accounting policies survived the economic crisis, proving once again the importance of accounting conservatism in the survival and development of companies. It can be seen that in the complicated economic environment, accounting conservatism is necessary. There are a variety of governance problems in modern enterprises, corporate executives are the main body of corporate governance, if we want to solve the problems of corporate governance, we should start with managers. Through the analysis of higher order, principal-agent, signal and contract theory, we can know that company executives will play an important role in the choice of accounting policy and enterprise development strategy. Executives' own characteristics will affect their decision-making choices, while their own characteristics will further affect their choice of accounting policies. Therefore, different characteristics of corporate executives will also affect accounting conservatism. This paper mainly studies how the age, gender and educational level of executives affect accounting conservatism. In this paper, the current literature on accounting conservatism and corporate executive team research results are summarized and reviewed. It is found that the current research direction and results mainly focus on the factors and consequences that affect the accounting conservatism, while the research on the influence of senior management characteristics on accounting conservatism is less. And there is little research on the definition and feature selection of executive team personnel. Secondly, through the theoretical analysis of higher order, principal-agent, signal and contract theory, it is found that the influence of senior management on accounting conservatism can not be ignored, and its own characteristics will affect its judgment and policy choice. Therefore, this paper intends to study the impact of executive characteristics on accounting conservatism from the perspective of managerial characteristics. After studying the previous research results and theories, the author selected suitable characteristics of company executives: age, gender, education and stock holding, and defined the main body of the company executive team: chairman. General Manager and Chief Financial Officer. Thirdly, because there are many models for accounting conservatism measurement in the industry, this paper uses the model of Khan and Watts (2009) for reference, measures accounting conservatism index C-Score. finally constructs measurement age, sex, and gender. The model of the influence of educational background and shareholding on accounting conservatism. This paper selects the data of listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen main Board from 2010 to 2014. Through descriptive statistical analysis and regression analysis, it is found that accounting conservatism exists in the sample of measured accounting conservatism index. There is a significant positive correlation between management age, academic background and accounting conservatism. There is no significant correlation between executive gender and CFO holding on accounting conservatism. Finally, according to the conclusions of the senior management team building put forward the relevant recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：贵州财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F272.91;F275

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