地铁车站运营与应急疏散客流组织方法研究

发布时间：2019-03-01 09:44

【摘要】：随着我国经济的快速增长和和城市人口规模的不断扩大以及人民生活水平的不断提高,城市居民的出行量不断增长,导致人们的交通需求量也不断增加。城市轨道交通具有便捷、舒适、准时等特点,往往成为人们出行时首先的公共交通方式。人们的日常出行量不断增加以及大型活动等原因引发的大客流集散使城市轨道交通系统会不定期的受到大客流的冲击,给日常的运营组织工作带来巨大压力。轨道交通车站一般位于地下空间,建筑结构复杂、出入口少、疏散线路长、通风照明条件差、电器设备种类多且人员高度集中,一旦发生突发状况,地铁车站人员在紧急疏散时会比外部空旷空间的疏散难度大,因此在制定车站运营组织方案的时候要全面考虑正常情况下和应急疏散情况下客流组织方案,两者要协同考虑,使城市轨道交通车站的运营组织方案更加全面、科学、合理。目前,由于客流的快速增长给车站日常管理带来极大的挑战,车站通过设置导流栏杆缓解客流冲突干扰,减轻客流对站内设施和运营车辆的压力,而设置导流栏杆又会影响乘客快速通行的需求尤其是对乘客的疏散效率。所以,有必要深入研究地铁车站导流栏杆与乘客的作用机理,以便正确使用和设置导流栏杆,实现正常与紧急情况下的客流组织方案相互协调、互相联系。对于投入运营的建成车站客流流线组织方面主要方法是设置导流栏杆,因此论文针对轨道交通车站导流栏杆展开研究,并完成了以下工作:1.对城市轨道交通车站正常运营情况下行人交通特性和客流流线进行分析,并总结了紧急情况下人员的宏观群集行为和微观个体行为。2.对深圳地铁车站进行了现场调研工作,统计归纳了车站内外导流栏杆常见的布置形式,并分析了导流栏杆的作用特性。3.通过对比分析多款交通仿真软件最终选择了 Any logic作为本文的仿真工具。仿真分析了正常情况下的导流栏杆设置条件,以及导流栏杆对人员疏散效率的影响并提出了改进措施。研究表明,导流栏杆的设置形式对行人流密度有显著的影响,导流栏杆明显会影响到行人的走行速度以及疏散效率。合理的设置导流栏杆能够减少对行人通行时间及疏散的影响。本文的研究成果可用于指导和优化地铁车站导流栏杆的布设,合理控制客流量并缓解客流流线冲突,从而科学的、全面的制定轨道交通车站客流组织方案。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of China's economy and the continuous expansion of the size of the urban population and the continuous improvement of the people's living standards, the traffic demand of the urban residents continues to increase, which leads to the continuous increase of the traffic demand of the urban residents. Urban rail transit has the characteristics of convenience, comfort, punctuality and so on, which often becomes the first public transport mode when people travel. The increasing daily traffic volume and the large passenger flow distribution caused by the large-scale activities cause the urban rail transit system to suffer from the impact of the large passenger flow from time to time and bring great pressure to the daily operation and organization. Rail transit stations are generally located in underground spaces, with complex building structures, fewer entrances and exits, long evacuation lines, poor ventilation and lighting conditions, a large number of electrical equipment and concentrated personnel height, and in the event of an unexpected situation, Subway station personnel in emergency evacuation will be more difficult than the evacuation of the outer open space, so when formulating the station operation organization plan, we should comprehensively consider the passenger flow organization plan under normal circumstances and emergency evacuation situation, and the two should be considered in coordination. Make the operation and organization scheme of urban rail transit station more comprehensive, scientific and reasonable. At present, as the rapid growth of passenger flow brings great challenges to the daily management of the station, the station reduces the interference of passenger flow conflict by setting up diversion balustrades, and reduces the pressure of passenger flow on the facilities and operational vehicles in the station. The setting of diversion baluster will affect the demand of rapid passenger passage, especially the evacuation efficiency of passengers. Therefore, it is necessary to study the action mechanism of subway station diversion baluster and passenger, in order to use and set up the diversion railing correctly, and to realize the coordination and mutual connection between normal and emergency passenger flow organization schemes. The main method to organize the completed passenger flow line in operation is to set up the diversion baluster, so this paper studies the rail diversion railing of rail transit station and completes the following work: 1. This paper analyzes the pedestrian traffic characteristics and passenger flow lines under normal operation of urban rail transit stations, and summarizes the macro-cluster behavior and micro-individual behavior of personnel in emergency situations. 2. The site investigation of Shenzhen subway station is carried out, the common layout forms of diversion railings inside and outside the station are summarized, and the function characteristics of diversion balustrades are analyzed. 3. Finally, Any logic is chosen as the simulation tool of this paper by comparing and analyzing several traffic simulation software. The setting conditions of the diversion baluster under normal conditions and the influence of the diversion baluster on the evacuation efficiency are simulated and analyzed, and the improvement measures are put forward. The study shows that the setting form of the diversion railing has a significant effect on the pedestrian flow density, and the diversion railing will obviously affect the walking speed and evacuation efficiency of the pedestrians. Reasonable setting of diversion baluster can reduce the impact on pedestrian passage time and evacuation. The research results of this paper can be used to guide and optimize the layout of subway station diversion balustrades, reasonably control the passenger flow and alleviate the conflict of passenger flow lines, thus scientifically and comprehensively formulate the passenger flow organization scheme of rail transit stations.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U293.6;U298

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