我国高考招生制度改革的公平性研究

发布时间：2019-05-20 07:00

【摘要】：随着经济的不断发展,人民对生活的追求已不再是温饱,而是高质量的生活,从对生活保障的基本需求逐步开始关心生活质量的高低。与其他国家不同,据统计,我国人民十分重视教育,其中家庭生活花费最高的生活项目为教育部分。自建国以来,我国的高考招生制度始终作为我国主要的人才选拔制度备受民众的关注,而对于高考的改革我们从没有停止过。自古以来,我国社会都十分重视教育的影响,教育也是政府选拔人才的主要手段,本文主要研究的是建国以来我国高考政策的的公平性问题。在本文的研究过程中参考与借鉴了很多学者的研究成果,并从中受益颇丰。很多学者都提到了高考制度改革过程中影响着高考的公平性条件。在绝对条件下,即社会背景、文化背景、经济发展、教育资源、综合素质等条件都保持一致的情况下,统一的高考分数线、一致的考试试卷、不分区域的录取率才能保障教育的公平性,但由于我国经济的地区不平衡、教育资源的不对等、文化背景偏差等因素始终存在并随着社会的发展也在不断变化,高考招生制度改革是个长期性的工作,应随着社会的发展不断的完善和适应新要求,因此本文主要通过探索不同阶段我国高考政策来提出更适用于我国现状的对策。本文分为五个部分:第一部分绪论,对于笔者研究的学术内容和价值、历史背景、研究趋势等。笔者认为,高考制度在我国具有教育职能与行政职能的双重作用下,既要保障高考制度有效的选拔优秀人才,又应确保国家不同生活环境、政治背景、文化背景以及教育背景的民众的公平入学原则。第二部分:对高考制度改革相关概念的界定,指出关于高考招生公平问题、关于影响高考招生公平的因素及其原因、关于高考招生制度的政策供给、关于高考招生公平问题的改革,并对我国高考制度特征进行归纳总结。笔者认为高考制度改革个的公平性不能以片面的分数作为评判标准,应综合考察不同地区、不同文化、不同教育水平三者的结合。而我国的高考制度基础之上,综合考虑各个层面的比例问题。第三部分:在总结我国高考制度现状的基础上提出问题,发现我国高考制度存在的不足。由于本文主要从行政管理的角度分析高考制度,我们主要探究的是社会根源问题于高考制度的公平性之间的关系,而非简单的从教育层面着手。从我国现有的问题出发,找出我国高考制度改革问题的成因。从我国的社会背景、经济环境、文化环境出发。第四部分:借鉴国外优秀的高考制度改革的做法,本文主要借鉴美、英、日三国的高考政策的公平性措施,我们只取对我国发展有用的部分进行阐述。第五部分:从高考制度改革的问题着手,并在吸取外国经验的基础之上提出符合我国国情的建议。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economy, the people's pursuit of life is no longer food and clothing, but a high quality of life, from the basic needs of life security gradually began to care about the quality of life. Different from other countries, according to statistics, our people attach great importance to education, among which the highest cost of family life is education. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the college entrance examination enrollment system in our country has always been concerned by the people as the main talent selection system in our country, and we have never stopped the reform of the college entrance examination. Since ancient times, Chinese society has attached great importance to the influence of education, and education is also the main means for the government to select talents. This paper mainly studies the fairness of China's college entrance examination policy since the founding of the people's Republic of China. In the research process of this paper, we refer to and draw lessons from the research results of many scholars, and benefit a lot from it. Many scholars have mentioned that the reform of the college entrance examination system affects the fairness of the college entrance examination. Under the absolute conditions, that is, the social background, cultural background, economic development, educational resources, comprehensive quality and other conditions are consistent, the unified college entrance examination score line, the same examination paper, In order to ensure the fairness of education, the admission rate can guarantee the fairness of education. However, due to the regional imbalance of China's economy, the inequality of educational resources, the deviation of cultural background and other factors, and with the development of society, and other factors have always existed and are constantly changing. The reform of college entrance examination enrollment system is a long-term work, which should be perfected and adapted to the new requirements with the development of society. Therefore, this paper mainly puts forward some countermeasures which are more suitable for the present situation of our country by exploring the college entrance examination policy in different stages. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction, for the academic content and value of the author, historical background, research trend and so on. The author believes that under the dual function of educational function and administrative function in our country, the college entrance examination system should not only ensure the effective selection of outstanding talents, but also ensure the different living environment and political background of the country. The principle of fair admission for people with cultural and educational backgrounds. The second part: the definition of the related concepts of the reform of the college entrance examination system, pointing out the fairness of college entrance examination enrollment, the factors affecting the fairness of college entrance examination enrollment and its reasons, and the policy supply of the college entrance examination enrollment system. On the reform of the fairness of college entrance examination enrollment, and summarizes the characteristics of the college entrance examination system in China. The author believes that the fairness of the reform of the college entrance examination system can not be judged by one-sided scores, but should comprehensively investigate the combination of different regions, different cultures and different educational levels. On the basis of the college entrance examination system in our country, we comprehensively consider the proportion problem at all levels. The third part: on the basis of summing up the present situation of the college entrance examination system in our country, this paper puts forward the problems, and finds out the shortcomings of the college entrance examination system in our country. Because this paper mainly analyzes the college entrance examination system from the perspective of administrative management, we mainly explore the relationship between the social root problem and the fairness of the college entrance examination system, rather than simply starting from the educational level. Starting from the existing problems in our country, this paper finds out the causes of the reform of the college entrance examination system in our country. Starting from the social background, economic environment and cultural environment of our country. The fourth part: draw lessons from the foreign outstanding college entrance examination system reform method, this article mainly draws lessons from the United States, the United Kingdom, the Japan three countries college entrance examination policy fairness measure, we only take the useful part to our country carries on the exposition. The fifth part: starting from the reform of college entrance examination system, and on the basis of absorbing foreign experience, puts forward some suggestions in line with the national conditions of our country.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G639.2

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