长江上游保护区铜鱼产卵繁殖期的生态流量研究
发布时间：2019-05-24 17:14
【摘要】：长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区位于向家坝水电站下游的长江上游干流河段,保护区内分布的鱼类超过190种,具有重要的学术价值和经济价值。然而随着上游向家坝等梯级电站的开发运行,保护区干流的自然水流条件受到了一定影响,而鱼类在产卵繁殖期一定的流量条件是其完成产卵过程的必要条件,此阶段的成活率直接关系到鱼类年际补充量的大小,是引起种群变动和年龄结构变化的主要原因,近年来保护区不论鱼类种类还是鱼类资源量均呈下降趋势,外来鱼类则增加了6种。在这种背景下,论文在6种保护区代表性鱼类中,选择监测数据较丰富、渔获量最多的铜鱼作为代表性鱼类,综合分析其产卵繁殖期的生态流量需求,不仅具有保护铜鱼这一重要经济鱼类的现实意义,而且对于科学认识以铜鱼为代表的产漂流性卵鱼类在产卵期对流量过程的需求、蓄水对下游河道鱼类产卵的影响有一定的科学意义。论文以保护区河段江津断面2009-2015年铜鱼产卵数据和朱沱站1954-2015流量数据为基础,统计分析铜鱼产卵特征,对比分析蓄水前后流量组分及产卵量变化情况,重新率定参数后采用IHA软件分析铜鱼产卵与各流量组分的相关性。对铜鱼产卵期高流量脉冲过程,提出了出现时间、起涨流量、起涨涨幅、平均涨幅、峰值流量、历时、年发生次数7个特征指标,并从蓄水前、不同来水条件、生态意义三方面分析其统计特征。采用“基流+高流量脉冲”的思路给出了保护区铜鱼产卵期生态流量设计方法,按年发生次数提出了“必需满足的”、“适宜的”、“最佳的”三种层次的生态流量方案。研究结果显示:铜鱼在以落水为主的流量过程中产卵和以涨水为主的流量过程中产卵的比例为11:17,每年产卵日为20~26天,在日均产卵量上,高流量脉冲和洪水大于低流量组分;2012年蓄水后铜鱼产卵量明显减少,蓄水前年均产卵量16.395×107ind,蓄水后年均产卵量4.19×107ind,高流量脉冲历时也明显减少,蓄水前年均历时17天,蓄水后年均历时8天;不同来水条件下,出现时间指标在0.01显著性水平下通过差异显著性检验,起涨流量指标在0.02显著性水平下通过差异显著性检验;发生过产卵的高流量脉冲主要特征指标变化范围如下,出现时间,5月上旬~7月上旬,起涨流量,4010-10600 m3/s,起涨涨幅,300-6840 m3/s,平均涨幅,187-3940 m3/s,峰值流量,4890-25900 m3/s;历时,3-42天;平均涨幅在850 m3/s时,铜鱼产卵量达到峰值;必须的、适宜的、最佳的三种生态流量方案年份次数分别为1次、不超过3次、不超过5次。
[Abstract]:The National Nature Reserve of rare and unique Fish in the Upper reaches of the Yangtze River is located in the main stream section of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the lower reaches of Xiangjioba Hydropower Station. There are more than 190 species of fish distributed in the reserve, which has important academic and economic value. However, with the development and operation of Xiangjioba and other cascade power stations in the upper reaches, the natural flow conditions of the main stream of the reserve have been affected to a certain extent, and the certain flow conditions of fish during the spawning and reproduction period are the necessary conditions for the completion of the spawning process. The survival rate at this stage is directly related to the size of interannual supplement of fish, which is the main reason for the change of population and age structure. In recent years, the number of fish species and fish resources in protected areas has shown a downward trend. Alien fish, on the other hand, have increased by six species. Under this background, among the representative fish in six kinds of protected areas, the copper fish with rich monitoring data and the largest catch was selected as the representative fish, and the ecological flow demand during the spawning and reproduction period was comprehensively analyzed. It not only has the practical significance of protecting the important economic fish, but also has the demand for the flow process of the drifting oocyte, which is represented by the copper fish, during the spawning period. The effect of water storage on the spawning of fish in the lower reaches of the river has certain scientific significance. Based on the spawning data of copper fish from 2009 to 2015 in the section of Jiang Jin section of the protected area and the flow data of 1954 / 2015 in Zhutuo station, the characteristics of spawning of copper fish were statistically analyzed, and the changes of flow components and spawning volume before and after water storage were compared and analyzed. After recalibrating the parameters, the correlation between spawning and flow components of copper fish was analyzed by IHA software. For the high flow pulse process of copper fish spawning period, this paper puts forward seven characteristic indexes: occurrence time, rising flow, rising and rising, average increase, peak flow, duration and annual occurrence times, and from before impoundment, different incoming water conditions. The statistical characteristics of ecological significance are analyzed in three aspects. Based on the idea of "basic flow high flow pulse", the design method of ecological flow during spawning period of copper fish in protected area is given, and three levels of ecological flow schemes are put forward according to the number of annual occurrence: "necessary", "suitable" and "best". The results showed that the proportion of spawning in the process of falling water and rising water was 11 鈮，
本文编号：2485036
[Abstract]:The National Nature Reserve of rare and unique Fish in the Upper reaches of the Yangtze River is located in the main stream section of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the lower reaches of Xiangjioba Hydropower Station. There are more than 190 species of fish distributed in the reserve, which has important academic and economic value. However, with the development and operation of Xiangjioba and other cascade power stations in the upper reaches, the natural flow conditions of the main stream of the reserve have been affected to a certain extent, and the certain flow conditions of fish during the spawning and reproduction period are the necessary conditions for the completion of the spawning process. The survival rate at this stage is directly related to the size of interannual supplement of fish, which is the main reason for the change of population and age structure. In recent years, the number of fish species and fish resources in protected areas has shown a downward trend. Alien fish, on the other hand, have increased by six species. Under this background, among the representative fish in six kinds of protected areas, the copper fish with rich monitoring data and the largest catch was selected as the representative fish, and the ecological flow demand during the spawning and reproduction period was comprehensively analyzed. It not only has the practical significance of protecting the important economic fish, but also has the demand for the flow process of the drifting oocyte, which is represented by the copper fish, during the spawning period. The effect of water storage on the spawning of fish in the lower reaches of the river has certain scientific significance. Based on the spawning data of copper fish from 2009 to 2015 in the section of Jiang Jin section of the protected area and the flow data of 1954 / 2015 in Zhutuo station, the characteristics of spawning of copper fish were statistically analyzed, and the changes of flow components and spawning volume before and after water storage were compared and analyzed. After recalibrating the parameters, the correlation between spawning and flow components of copper fish was analyzed by IHA software. For the high flow pulse process of copper fish spawning period, this paper puts forward seven characteristic indexes: occurrence time, rising flow, rising and rising, average increase, peak flow, duration and annual occurrence times, and from before impoundment, different incoming water conditions. The statistical characteristics of ecological significance are analyzed in three aspects. Based on the idea of "basic flow high flow pulse", the design method of ecological flow during spawning period of copper fish in protected area is given, and three levels of ecological flow schemes are put forward according to the number of annual occurrence: "necessary", "suitable" and "best". The results showed that the proportion of spawning in the process of falling water and rising water was 11 鈮，
本文编号：2485036
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