公共物品提供模式的理论分析

发布时间：2018-01-26 07:00

本文关键词： 公共物品提供模式政府市场管制　出处：《西北大学》2003年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 公共物品消费过程中所具有的非排他性和非竞争性特点，导致市场在提供公共物品时出现失灵现象，在这种情况下，政府成为公共物品的唯一提供者。然而受政府财力不足、政府运营公共资金的低效率以及人们对各种公共物品的需求不断增加等因素的影响，政府提供的公共物品严重不足，不能满足经济和社会发展的需要。 20世纪70年代出现在西方市场经济国家的公共物品市场提供模式，为我们解决这个难题提供了思路，政府可以利用市场来提供公共物品。本文详细论述了政府可以利用市场提供公共物品的原因、市场提供公共物品的理论依据以及政府与市场如何有效地配合生产社会发展所需要的公共物品。这对于我国公共物品提供体系的完善、公共财政体系的建设、以及理解市场经济条件下政府与市场之间关系，都具有非常重要的理论意义和现实意义。公共物品的公共性会因为经济发展水平、技术条件、需求弹性、外部性等因素的变化而改变，从而使公共物品与私人物品的边界变得模糊。正是基于这一点，公共物品两个特点的成立是有条件的，即在拥挤点之间，，公共物品才具有非排他性和非竞争性，所以公共物品是指设计使用者大于1的物品。公共物品在物品序列图中位置的不确定性决定了其在物品提供者序列图中的位置也具有不确定性，政府与市场都可能成为其提供者。由此提出了公共物品提供的经济发展观，应该根据经济和技术条件的变化，按照效率与公平的原则，动态地选择公共物品的最优提供者。拓宽了公共物品提供的渠道，进一步完善了公共物品提供理论。基于公共物品提供的经济发展观，详细分析了公共物品提供的三种主要模式：政府直接生产模式、政府利用市场间接生产模式以及私人提供模式。政府提供公共物品是基于公平分配的考虑，而政府直接生产是从生产的角度来讲。当市场提供公共物品时，政府提供的涵义就体现在政府对于市场生产出来的公共物品通过一定的方式进行分配。政府利用市场提供公共物品，是公共部门与私人部门的有机结合，是效率与公平的有机结合。非政府组织及个人对公共物品的自愿提供以及实验经济学的结论证明了现实的人们并非总是“经济人”，每一个体都是一定程度的利他主义与利己主义的均衡体。为防止市场提供公共物品时对于社会公平的偏离，政府需要对提供公共物品的市场主体进行有效地管制。本文系统分析了政府管制的客体和管制的方式，以及在信息不对称约束条件下政府管制方法的创新——激励性管制和协商性管制。西北大学博士学位论文最后，基于公共物品提供的经济发展观，分析了我国农村公共物品供给体制内生的矛盾和问题，指出解决农村公共物品关键措施在于将“三提五统”的农村公共物品融资体制纳入国家财政收支范围，在加大政府支农力度的同时，改变重工轻农、重城市轻农村的传统观念，多渠道地为农村公共物品的生产提供资金。
[Abstract]:Non exclusive and non competitive features of public goods in the process of consumption, leading to market failure in the provision of public goods, in this case, the government is the only provider of public goods. However, due to the insufficient financial resources of government, government run public funds, low efficiency and the demand for public goods is increasing. The influence factors, the government provides public goods shortage, can not meet the needs of economic and social development.
In 1970s in the western market economy countries to provide public goods market mode, and provides a way for us to solve this problem, the government can use the market to provide public goods. This paper discusses in detail the government can use the market to provide public goods, the market to provide public goods as well as the theoretical basis for the government and the market, how to effectively cope with the needs of the production of social development. It provides public goods for improving the system of public goods in our country, the construction of public finance system, and the understanding of the government and the market under the market economy condition the relationship has very important theoretical and practical significance.
The public nature of public goods because of the level of economic development, technological conditions, demand elasticity, changes in external factors such as change, so that the public goods and private goods boundaries. It is based on this point, the establishment of the two characteristics of public goods is conditional, that is in the crowded point between the public. Goods is non exclusive and non competitive, so public goods refers to the design of the user more than 1 items. The public goods in the position of items in the sequence diagram of uncertainty decision in the goods provider in the sequence diagram position is uncertain, the government and the market are likely to become the provider of the public goods. With the view of economic development should be based on changes in the economic and technological conditions, in accordance with the principle of efficiency and fairness, dynamically select the optimal provider of public goods. The public goods provided to broaden the channels It further perfects the theory of providing public goods.
The provision of public goods in the view of economic development based on the detailed analysis of the three main modes of public goods supply: direct production mode of the government, the government by using the indirect mode of market production and private supply mode. The government provides public goods fair distribution based on the consideration of the government direct production is from the production perspective. When the market to provide public the government provides goods, the meaning is reflected in the government a certain way for the market to produce public goods through the allocation. The government to use market to provide public goods, is the organic combination of the public sector and private sector, is the organic combination of efficiency and fairness. Non government organizations and individual voluntary provision of public goods and the experiment economics proves that people are not always the reality of the "economic man", each individual is a certain degree of altruism and Egoism Equilibrium body.
The provision of public goods in order to prevent the market to deviate from the social justice, the government needs to effectively control to provide public goods in the main market. This paper analyzes the object of government regulation and control way, and in the asymmetric information condition control method innovation, incentive regulation and negotiated regulation.
Doctoral dissertations of Northwestern University
Finally, based on the concept of economic development provided by public goods, the system of supply of public goods in rural areas in China is analyzed.
The contradictions and problems, points out the key measures of rural public goods is on the "3 rural public
The financing system of the goods is included in the state's financial revenue and expenditure, while the government's support for agriculture is strengthened, and the heavy industry is changed.
The traditional concept of heavy urban light rural areas provides funds for the production of rural public goods in many ways.

【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：F062.6

【引证文献】