马克思政治经济学批判的存在论基础

发布时间：2018-01-30 12:08

本文关键词： 哲学批判政治经济学批判经济存在论基础生存论　出处：《复旦大学》2003年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 马克思的经济基础说，按照马克思自己的说法，是他近二十年研究所得到的总的结果，同时也是他此后二十年余年进一步研究的指导原则。它实际地构成了马克思整个研究的的枢纽。经济基础说对于马克思的这一极端重要性，在马克思在世之时和在他身后，一直成为来自各个方面的评论家和批评家关注的焦点。人们围绕着马克思的经济基础说，展开了持久而广泛的争议，赞成者有之，反对者有之，以及将二者融合者同样有之。时至今日，这场争议并没有真正地结束。如果说，这场争议突出地表现为经济决定论和反经济决定论的对立，那么，当我们对这一争议予以历史地考察时，所谓的赞成者和所谓的反对者以及这建立在二者之间的“调酒师”们所展开的这场世纪之争，几乎概莫能外地承接着政治经济学的经济之范畴规定，把马克思的经济基础说中的经济或显或隐地等同于政治经济学意义上的经济，从而使马克思的经济基础说成为了马克思理论中的一块“飞地”。那么，到底怎样正确地理解和揭示马克思的经济基础说，马克思的经济基础说中的经济在何种意义上不现成地是政治经济学意义上的经济，对这一问题的回答，本质重要地关涉着马克思的存在论基础，关涉着马克思的存在论基础对于近代形而上学（哲学形而上学和政治经济学形而上学）的根本性变革。为此，本文具体地考察马克思的哲学批判和政治经济学批判之于马克思存在论变革的意义、马克思理论研究重心从前者向后者转移在存在论上的内在必然性，以及马克思在政治经济学批判中对政治经济学的劳动范畴和价值范畴的穿透性批判过程，并在此基础上力图揭示马克思的经济的生存论意义。对于马克思来说，经济基础说是马克思批判活动的理论后果。它在较近的意义上，直接地缘自此前的近二十年的政治经济学批判，而在较远的意义上，它则起自于马克思早期的哲学批判。因此，对马克思的经济基础说的正确的揭示，既不能单从政治经济学批判来理解，也不能单从哲学批判来理解，更不能从本质上属于形而上学的哲学和政治经济学直接地加以理解，而应该从马克思的哲学批判到政治经济学批判的实际过程来理解，从马克思在这一批判过程中所达到的对形而上学批判之彻底性来理解。这一彻底性的本质表现，就是马克思在对哲学和政治经济学形而上学的批判性剥离中展露出的生存论境域。如果说在哲学批判中，马克思是以哲学批 WP=6 判的方式宣告一切形而上学的终结，，初步地达到了对现实的人的现实的活动之生存论阐明，那么，这一阐明本质重要地成为了进一步的批判的前奏。在这个意义上，没有哲学批判，就不可能有后来的富有实际意义的政治经济学批判。试图不经历哲学批判而直接地跳跃到政治经济学批判，只能最终地使政治经济学批判淹没到政治经济学形而上学之中；反之，如果止步于哲学批判，而不前行到政治经济学批判之中，哲学批判就始终处于哲学之遥远的边际，而最终使哲学批判淹没到哲学形而上学之中。实际的情形是，在马克思那里，当他将哲学批判发展为政治经济学批判这一新的批判形式时，哲学批判所取得的全部积极成果归并到他的政治经济学批判之中，以一种新的方式发挥着作用。所以，经济基础说，既是马克思哲学批判的产物，也是政治经济学批判的产物，而他的经济的非形而上学性，也只有在这种双重批判中才能得到显现。如此一来，马克思的经济基础说中的经济，在其现实性上，不仅越出了哲学的范围，而且越出了政治经济学的范围，它本质地是生存论性质的，是现实的个人的生命活动外化，是这些现实的个人的生活的生产和再生产。这一对经济的始源意义的生存论揭示，不仅披露了政治经济学中的经济之形而上学性和无历史性，而且为历史的发展找到了现实的依据和动力。人类不仅因此有了其生存的基础，而且因此有了未来。然而，现实的个人的生命活动的外化，在其历史的展开过程中，必然发生的是现实的个人的生命活动自身的分裂。当始源意义上的经济历史地以其颠倒的样式抽象化为资本对现存世界的宰制时，资本的充分扩张同时也就是它的界限。如果说资本是现实的个人的生命活动的异化的产物，那么，由于异化借以实现的手段本身是实践的，由于异化依然根植于现实的个人的生命活动之中、根植于自由时间之中，资本与人的抽象的对立以及直接的劳动时间和自由时间的抽象对立必然的随着异化的充分发展而丧失其存在的基础。
[Abstract]:Marx's theory of economic basis, according to Marx's own account, he is nearly twenty years on the overall results, he also further research after this twenty years of guiding principles. It actually constitutes the research hub. Marx said the economic basis of the extreme importance to Marx, Marx lifetime and after his death, has become the focus of various aspects of the critics and critics attention. People around Marx's theory of economic basis, launched a lasting and widespread controversy, in favor of those who have, against those who have, as well as the fusion of the two also have. Today, this the dispute is not really the end. If the dispute, especially the economic determinism and anti economic determinism opposition, so, when we give a history of the dispute in favor of exploring, the so-called And the so-called opposition and the establishment between the two "bartender" who launched the contest of the century, almost nothing can be imported to undertake the provisions of political economics and economic category, the economic foundation of Marx said the economy implicitly or explicitly equated with political economics meaning the economy, so that the economic foundation of Marx said as a piece of "Marx theory in the enclave.
So, how to correctly understand and reveal Marx's theory of economic basis, the economic basis of Marx said the economy in what sense is not readily available on the economic significance of political economics, the answer to this question, essentially concerned with Marx on the basis of the existence, concerned with ontological foundation for modern metaphysics Marx (philosophy and metaphysics and political economics metaphysics) the fundamental change. Therefore, this paper examines philosophical critique of Marx's critique of political economics and the ontological significance of reform in Marx, Marx's theory of gravity from the former to the latter transfer inner necessity on exist, and Marx in the critique of political economics on the political economy of labor category and the category of value through the process of criticism, and then tries to reveal Marx's economy The significance of the existentialism.
For Marx, the economic foundation is the theoretical consequences of Marx criticism. It is in close sense, directly from the previous geopolitical nearly twenty years of criticism of political economics, and in further sense, it originate in Marx's early philosophy criticism. Therefore, the economic basis on Marx said right reveals, neither from the critique of political economy to understand, not just from the critique of philosophy to understand, but not in essence belongs to the metaphysical philosophy and political economics directly to understand, but it should be understood from the actual process of Marx's philosophical critique to the critique of political economy, to understand from the thoroughness of metaphysics a critique of Marx reached in this critical process. The essence of this performance thoroughly, is critical of Marx in philosophy and political economics metaphysics stripping Exhibition Ontological domain exposed. If in the critique of philosophy, Marx philosophy is to group
WP=6
The end of all sentenced to metaphysics, then reached a preliminary survival on the reality of the reality of human activities on the nature, clarify, clarify important as a prelude to further criticism. In this sense, not the critique of philosophy, would not be meaningful to the critique of political economy is after. Try not to experience directly jumps to the philosophical critique of critique of political economics, but eventually the critique of political economics political economics up to metaphysics; on the contrary, if the stop in the critique of philosophy, but not before the line to the critique of political economics, philosophy critique philosophy can be always in the distant margin, which eventually led to the criticism of philosophy up to the metaphysical. The actual situation is that in Marx there, when he will develop philosophical critique of critique of political economics of this new form of criticism When all of the positive results achieved by the incorporation of philosophical criticism of his critique of political economy, in a new way to play a role. Therefore, the economic base, is a product of Marx's philosophical criticism, but also a product of the critique of political economy, rather than the metaphysics of his economy, also only in this double criticism be revealed. Thus, Marx's theory of economic basis in the economy, in its reality, not only beyond the scope of philosophy, but also beyond the scope of political economics, it is essential to survival of nature, is the reality of the individual life activities, is the reality of the individual life the production and reproduction. The economic meaning of the Siwon's survival theory reveals that not only disclosed the economic metaphysics in political economy and history, but also for the development of history to find a real Human beings not only have the foundation of their survival, but also have the future.
However, outside of the individual life, in its historical development, is the inevitable reality of the individual life activities of their division. When Siwon's sense of economic history in the style of abstraction for the reversal of capital domination of the existing world, the full expansion of capital at the same time it is the limit. If the capital is the product of alienation personal life activities. So, in order to achieve because of the alienation means itself is practice, because of the alienation is still rooted in the realities of personal life, rooted in the free time, the abstract opposition between capital and human's abstract and direct confrontation labor time and free time with the full development of the inevitable alienation and loss of the basis of its existence.

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：F0-0

【共引文献】