新自由主义的实践后果及其对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-02-26 16:03

本文关键词： 新自由主义实践本质后果启示　出处：《南京财经大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新自由主义以自由放任为原则,强调私有制为基础的市场机制对资源配置的自发作用,反对政府对经济活动的过多干预,它是一种为资本主义制度辩护的经济思潮。20世纪70年代以后,伴随着政府对经济干预政策的失效,凯恩斯主义受到怀疑和攻击,新自由主义再度勃兴,并取代凯恩斯主义成为西方主流经济思潮。1979年,新自由主义的实践首先从英美两国开始,1979年,“华盛顿共识”的出台是新自由主义以政策范式的形式开始在拉美发展中国家和东欧转轨国家推行的标志。纵观新自由主义在不同国家的盛行,不可否认取得了一定得积极效果,但透过现象看本质,新自由主义的盛行更深层次的意义是国际垄断资本主义全球扩张的战略布局,无法脱离资本主义剥削的本质,所以新自由主义的盛行更多的是对发展中国家以及世界经济的发展所产生的消极影响。本文以马克思主义的辨证唯物主义和历史唯物主义为指导,利用马克思主义政治经济学垄断资本主义理论、市场理论、收入分配理论等剖析新自由主义实践及其带来的后果,进而进一步揭示新自由主义引起世界范围内经济危机的内在机理,并结合“北京共识”讨论了对我国的启示。第一章导论部分主要阐述了本文选题的背景和意义、研究思路以及论文的创新点。面对2008年下半年爆发的全球性的金融和经济危机,笔者结合近些年盛极一时的新自由主义思潮,经过简单论证后认为新自由主义与经济危机之间存在一定的关系,需要运用多种方法加以深入的探讨。第二章对自由主义经济思想加以梳理,逐一评述了古典自由主义经济思想、庸俗经济学的自由主义思想、新古典学派的经济自由主义思想,以此来深入了解自由主义的理论渊源并理解新自由主义的思想来源。同时结合理论渊源对新自由主义的理论框架进行了分析。第三章重点对新自由主义的实践进行实证分析研究,分别论述了新自由主义在英美发达国家、拉美国家、俄罗斯为代表的东欧国家以及东南亚国家的实践和后果,并利用归纳演绎的方法得出了新自由主义全球化的实质与影响。在前面章节的铺垫之上,第四章运用马克思主义的立场、观点、方法对新自由主义进行系统分析,对比研究了新自由主义与马克思主义,形成了对新自由主义本质的初步认识。第五章主要针对新自由主义在发达国家和发展中国家实践所造成的后果,结合第四章,提出了新自由主义引起经济危机的内在机理。最后一章结合“北京共识”提出的“中国模式”针对国内实际得出新自由主义实践后果对我国的启示。
[Abstract]:Neoliberalism, based on laissez-faire, emphasizes the spontaneous effect of private ownership based market mechanism on resource allocation and opposes excessive government intervention in economic activities. It was an economic trend of thought that defended the capitalist system. After 70s, with the failure of the government's policy of economic intervention, Keynesianism came under suspicion and attack, and neoliberalism flourished again. And replaced Keynesianism as the mainstream economic trend in the West. In 1979, The practice of neoliberalism began in the United States and the United States. In 1979, the "Washington consensus" was the symbol of neoliberalism being implemented in the form of policy paradigm in the developing countries of Latin America and the countries in transition in Eastern Europe. The prevalence of idealism in different countries, There is no denying that some positive results have been achieved, but through the phenomenon to see the essence, the deeper significance of the prevalence of neoliberalism is the strategic layout of the global expansion of international monopoly capitalism, which cannot be separated from the essence of capitalist exploitation. So the prevalence of neoliberalism is more of a negative impact on the development of developing countries and the world economy. Under the guidance of Marxist dialectical materialism and historical materialism, this paper analyzes the practice of neoliberalism and its consequences by using Marxist political economics monopoly capitalism theory, market theory, income distribution theory, etc. Then it further reveals the inner mechanism of the economic crisis in the world caused by neoliberalism, and discusses the enlightenment to our country with the "Beijing consensus". The first chapter introduces the background and significance of this thesis. In the face of the global financial and economic crisis that broke out in the second half of 2008, the author combines the neoliberal trend of thought which is the most popular in recent years. After simple argumentation, it is concluded that there is a certain relationship between neoliberalism and economic crisis, which needs to be discussed in depth by various methods. Chapter two combs the economic thought of liberalism. The economic thoughts of classical liberalism, vulgar economics, neo-classical school of thought of economic liberalism are reviewed one by one. In order to understand the theoretical origin of liberalism and understand the ideological source of neoliberalism, the theoretical framework of neoliberalism is analyzed. Chapter three focuses on the practice of neoliberalism. Through empirical analysis, The paper discusses the practice and consequences of neoliberalism in the developed countries of the United States and the United States, the Latin American countries, the Eastern European countries represented by Russia, and the Southeast Asian countries. The essence and influence of neoliberal globalization are obtained by means of inductive and deductive methods. On the basis of the preceding chapters, Chapter 4th makes systematic analysis of neoliberalism by means of Marxist standpoint, viewpoint and method. A comparative study of neoliberalism and Marxism has formed a preliminary understanding of the essence of neoliberalism. Chapter 5th focuses on the consequences of neoliberalism in practice in developed and developing countries, combined with Chapter 4th. This paper puts forward the internal mechanism of the economic crisis caused by neoliberalism. The last chapter combines the "Chinese model" put forward by the "Beijing consensus" to draw inspiration from the practical consequences of neoliberalism in China.
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：F091.3

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