西部大开发中的政府经济学分析

发布时间：2018-03-06 10:39

本文选题：西部大开发　切入点：政府行为　出处：《西南财经大学》2001年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：一政府与市场的关系问题，是现代经济学中一个永恒的主题。纵观世界各国的经济发展历程，一个国家要实现经济的整体演进和社会的全面进步，有一个共同的、基本的经验，那就是在充分发挥市场机制作用的基础上，必须运用政府的经济权威和比较优势，根据不断变化的经济政治环境，适时地调整和更换政府的角色，有效发挥政府作用。因此，研究政府的经济行为无疑具有重要的理论和现实意义。从理论上看，研究市场经济，不能不研究政府经济行为。政府的经济行为直接源于克服市场失灵和对公平问题的关注，然而政府也存在着失灵的问题。如何在政府活动的范围和领域引入市场机制，有效防范政府失灵，是理论研究的重要课题。因此，从理论上分析政府经济行为和探寻政府作用的有效发挥就显得尤为重要。从实践上看，研究政府经济行为对于体制转轨中的中国有特殊的意义。在中国的市场化进程中，政府扮演着一个极其重要和特殊的角色，一方面，政府要积极培育和完善市场体制，推动微观主体的重新构造，另一方面，随着社会主义市场经济体制的逐步确立，对政府的经济行为提出了新的要求。在体制转轨过程中，政府经济行为如何转轨，如何构建新的行为模式，是摆在我们面前的现实课题。二从逻辑结构上看，本文分为有机联系的两大部分：理论篇和实证篇。理论部分包括第一章；实证部分包括第二、三、四章。理论部分为政府经济行为的研究提供基本依据和分析框架。它研究政府干预经济的理论基础和政府职能的演变，并探讨如何实现政府行为的有效性。实证部分则在介绍西部大开发背景的基础上，借鉴国内外进行区域经济开发的经验教训，探索政府的角色定位和作用，进而提出西部大开发的政策建议。本文基本思路为：首先提出分析的理论基础和实证基础，理论基WP=3础为公共经济学，重点研究政府存在的必要性和政府行为的效率；实证基础为西部大开发战略和国内外区域经济开发的历史借鉴。然后在理论基础和现实背景的前提下，研究社会主义市场经济中特别是西部大开发条件下政府行为存在的问题及其原因，探讨政府职能的定位和转变，分别讨论中央政府和地方政府在西部开发中的作用。最后，针对西部大开发提出政策建议，，要求政府从财政政策、金融政策、产业政策及农村政策四个方面进行支持，促进西部大开发的进行。沿着这一基本思路，本文展开了较为深入的分析。本文分析的中心问题是政府行为，它是以政府的存在作为前提的，政府干预行为的理论依据是市场失灵的存在。因此，本文从市场失灵展开分析。市场失灵是市场经济运行不可避免的，由于竞争不完全、外部性、信息不对称等现象的存在，市场方式就可能导致资源的误配置。纠正市场失灵的直接方法就是要求政府利用其比较优势对经济进行干预。然而从自由市场经济到垄断经济，再到现代市场经济，政府职能本身是随着经济的不断发展而演变的，政府对经济的干预经历了放任自由到高度介入，直至适度干预的发展阶段。即使在现代经济社会中，发达国家和后进国家的政府职能也是不相同。尤其是后进国家的政府，不仅要继续保持政府维护经济发展环境的职责，而且要为本国经济的迅速崛起提供初始动力。当然，政府不是万能的，政府行为的有效性存在效力递减和能力限制等因素，这直接导致了政府失灵。为此，就必须在优化政府机构的同时，强调市场机制与政府机制的结合。在区域经济开发的过程中，市场与政府的结合得到了很好的体现。从我国历史上所进行的两次大规模区域开发来看，政府的支持对于一个地区的经济发展是十分重要的；从国外区域开发的经验来看，政府应当营造良好的发展环境，引导市场力量向着合理的发展方向运行。在西部大开发的现实背景下，这一点尤为重要。那么，西部地区的政府究竟应当在这种历史大背景下发挥什么样的作用呢？为了深入分析这个问题，本文探讨了西部地区政府职能的现状，指出它存在着角色定位不清、行为不规范、干预方式不适当等问题，并对其产生原因作了一定的剖析。因此，西部地区政府有效发WP=4挥作用的关键是较为准确的角色定位，以此实现政府职能的转变，从而通过政府行为的引导职能、管理职能、协调规划职能和服务职能来促进西部发展。值得重视的是，对政府职能的深入分析必须建立在对中央政府和地方政府的区别认识上：中央政府从宏观方面为地方政府提供制度创新激励，营造发展环境，协调区域之间的关系；而地方政府则在适当定位的基础上，进行制度创新和产权保护，改善投资环境和吸引人才，以实现区域经济的迅速发展。分析问题是为了解决问题，单纯讨论政府职能是没有意义的。因此有必要在研究政府职能的基础上，为西部开发提供较为可行的政策建议。换言之。也就是通过财政政策、货币政策、产业政策及农村政策，为西部开发提供政策上的支持，使得西部的经济主体能够在较为宽松的发展环境中充分发挥主动性和积极性，最终实现西部开发的顺利进行。三相对于政府职能而言，政府的经济行为更加具体和复杂多变；同时，其作用范围和力度还受到外部经济环境等影响和制约，这无疑增加了政府经济行为分析上的难度。基于此，本文在吸收和借鉴
[Abstract]:One
The relation between the government and market, is an eternal theme in modern economics. Throughout the world economic development, a country must realize the all-round progress of the overall development of economy and society, there is a common, basic experience, that is to give full play to the basic role of market mechanisms, must the use of economic authority and comparative advantage of the government, according to the changing economic and political environment, timely adjust and change the role of the government, effectively play the role of the government. Therefore, studying the economic behavior of government undoubtedly has important theoretical and practical significance.
In theory, the research of market economy, must study the government economic behavior. The economic behavior of the government directly from overcoming market failure and fairness issues, but the government also has the problem of malfunction. How to introduce the market mechanism in the scope of government activities and areas, effectively prevent government failure is an important research topic. Therefore, effective analysis of government economic behavior from theory and explore the role of government is particularly important.
In practice, the research of government economic behavior has a special meaning for system transformation in China. Marketization in the China, the government plays an extremely important and special role, on the one hand, the government should actively cultivate and perfect market system, promote the re construction of microeconomic subjects, on the other hand, with the the gradual establishment of socialist market economy, put forward new requirements for the economic behavior of the government. In the course of system transition, how the government economic behavior transition, how to build a new pattern of behavior, is placed in a practical issue before us.
Two
From the logic structure, this paper is divided into two major parts: Theory and empirical studies. The theory part includes the first chapter; the empirical part includes the second, third, four chapter. To provide the fundamental basis and analysis framework of the theory part is to study the economic behavior of the government. It studies the evolution of government intervention in the economy and the theoretical foundation of government function. And discuss how to realize the validity of the government behavior. The empirical part, based on the introduction of the background of the western development, draw on the experience of regional economic development at home and abroad, to explore the role and function of government, and put forward the western development policy recommendations.
The basic idea of this paper is as follows: firstly, put forward the theoretical basis of the analysis and empirical basis, based on the theory of the WP=3 foundation for public economics, the efficiency of government behavior and the necessity of focusing on the government's history; empirical basis for the western development strategy and regional economic development at home and abroad for reference. Then based on the theoretical foundation and realistic background study on the socialist market economy, especially the government behavior existence of western development under the conditions of the problem and the reason of the localization and transition of government function, discusses the central and local governments in the development of the role in the West. Finally, in view of the western development policy recommendations, requests the government from fiscal policy, financial policy, for support four aspects of industrial policy and rural policy, promote the development of the west regions.
Along this basic train of thought, this paper carried out an in-depth analysis. This paper is the analysis of the behavior of the government, it is a prerequisite to the existence of the government, the theoretical basis of government intervention is the existence of market failure. Therefore, this article from the market failure analysis. Market failure is the market economy inevitable. Because of imperfect competition, externality, information asymmetry phenomenon, the market may lead to errors in the allocation of resources. The direct method of correcting market failure requires government intervention in the economy with its comparative advantage.
However, from the free market economy to the monopoly economy to modern market economy, the functions of the government itself is evolving with the development of economy, government intervention in the economy has experienced the laissez faire to the height of intervention, development stage, moderate intervention. Even in the modern economic society, the functions of the government in developed countries and developing countries is also not the same. Especially in the national government, not only to continue to maintain the government to protect the environment of economic development responsibilities, but also to provide the initial impetus for the rapid rise of domestic economy. Of course, the government is not omnipotent, the effectiveness and capacity constraints of diminishing the effectiveness of government behavior, which directly leads to the failure of the government. Therefore, we must optimize the government institutions at the same time, combination of government and market mechanisms.
In the process of regional economic development, combined with the market and the government has been well reflected. The two large-scale regional development from the history of our country, government support is very important for the economic development of a region; regional development experience from abroad to see, the government should create a development environment good, guide the market forces towards rational development. In the background of China's western development, which is particularly important.
So, the government of the western region should play what role in this historical background? In order to analyze this problem, this paper discusses the present situation of the western region of government function, it has pointed out that the role is not clear, behavior is not standardized, inappropriate intervention problems, and the reasons for the some of the analysis. Therefore, the key role of government in the western region effective WP=4 is the role of more accurate positioning, so as to realize the transformation of government functions, and through the government behavior guidance function, management function, coordination and planning functions and service functions to promote western development. It is worth paying attention to in-depth analysis of the functions of the government must be based on the difference between the central government and the local government understanding: the central government from the macro aspects for the local government to provide institutional innovation, creating a development environment, regional coordination The relationship between local governments and local governments is based on proper positioning, including institutional innovation and property rights protection, improving investment environment and attracting talents, so as to achieve rapid development of regional economy.
Analysis of the problem is to solve the problem, a simple discussion of the function of government is of no significance. So it is necessary based on the function of the government, to provide feasible policy advice for the development of Western China. In other words, also is through fiscal policy, monetary policy, industrial policy and rural policy, provide policy support for the development of Western China so, the western economic subject to play the initiative and enthusiasm fully in the development environment is more relaxed in the final implementation of the western development smoothly.
Three
Compared with the functions of the government, the government's economic behavior is more specific and complex. At the same time, its scope and intensity are also influenced and restricted by external economic environment. This undoubtedly increases the difficulty of the government's economic behavior analysis. Based on this, this article is absorbing and learning from it.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：F015

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