马克思分配正义理论及其当代价值研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 15:53

本文选题：马克思　切入点：分配正义　出处：《广西师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：正义是人类亘古日新的研究主题,时代的变迁、社会的转变都阻断不了人类对正义的孜孜不倦地追求与探索。那么“正义观念”的内容自然成为政治哲学的研究重心,几乎每一位政治哲学家会提出自己对正义问题的看法与解决方案,因此在正义这个抽象的屋顶之下,是一个百家争鸣的局面。本文的研究目的一是通过对马克思分配正义理论进行一定程度的梳理,进而指导我们从现实国情出发,与时俱进,解决好贫富分化等问题,促进分配正义的实现。进入21世纪以来,我国社会、经济发展尤为迅猛,涉及到分配正义的各种社会矛盾也是层出不穷。马克思著述宏富、研究广泛,对与人们生活息息相关的分配正义问题,虽然没有专门的著作进行论述,其关于分配正义的观点散见于一些著作中；二是通过对马克思分配正义理论的研究探索一个认识和研究当前中国的分配关系的新视角。党的十八大报告强调了“公平正义是中国特色社会主义的内在要求”,“必须坚持维护社会公平正义”,“实现共同富裕”；党的十八届三中全会再次强调“促进公平正义、增进人民福祉”。马克思的分配正义理论对于我们认识和解决我国的分配不均、贫富差距扩大问题,无疑有着特别重要的意义。马克思的分配正义理论以分配从属于生产为逻辑起点,透过对资本主义社会非正义现象的批判和批判提出分配正义的实现路径,以人的自由全面发展为终极归宿,对这些理论的深入探讨和研究有助于我们用崭新的眼光和视角正确认识当前我们国家发展所面临的分配问题。本文运用文献分析法、理论与实践相结合等研究方法,通过系统地研究马克思分配正义理论,具体分析了马克思分配正义理论的产生和发展历程,详细阐述了马克思分配正义理论的主要内容和理论特征,并结合现阶段我国的分配现状提出若干解决问题的对策。本论文的基本内容主要包括三大部分。绪论部分就本论题的研究目的及意义、创新之处及不足、国内外研究现状从总体上进行了简要介绍。第一部分详细地梳理了马克思分配正义理论的理论来源和发展历程。马克思分配正义理论主要来源于古典经济学、空想社会主义和古典哲学中的合理成分,而形成过程经历了19世纪40年代、19世纪50至60年代、19世纪70年代三个时期。第二部分具体阐述马克思分配正义理论的主要内容和理论特征,包括马克思对分配正义问题的基本观点、马克思分配正义理论的基本原则、实现条件和理论特征。第三部分,从四个方面论述了马克思分配正义理论的当代价值,即：深化改革,完善中国特色社会主义基本经济制度；完善收入分配体制,缩小贫富差距；健全社会保障体制,发挥分配调节杠杆作用。结论部分表明马克思的分配正义理论对解决当前收入分配领域存在的问题具有重要指导意义。
[Abstract]:Justice is the new research theme of human beings. The changes of times and society can not block the tireless pursuit and exploration of justice. So, the content of the concept of justice naturally becomes the focus of political philosophy. Almost every political philosopher puts forward his own ideas and solutions to the problem of justice, so under the abstract roof of justice, The purpose of this paper is to sort out Marx's theory of distributive justice to a certain extent, and then guide us to proceed from the reality of national conditions, keep pace with the times, and solve the problems of the polarization between the rich and the poor. Since 21th century, the social and economic development of our country has been particularly swift and violent, and various social contradictions related to distributive justice have emerged in endlessly. The issue of distributive justice, which is closely related to people's life, is discussed in some works, although there is no special work on it, and its views on distributive justice are scattered in some works. The second is to explore a new angle of view to understand and study the distribution relationship of China through the study of Marx's distributive justice theory. The report of the 18 Party Congress emphasizes that "fairness and justice is the inherent requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics". We must uphold social fairness and justice and "achieve common prosperity." the third Plenary session of the 18 CPC Central Committee once again emphasized "promoting fairness and justice," "to promote the well-being of the people... Marx's theory of distributive justice has given us an understanding of and solved the problems of uneven distribution and widening gap between the rich and the poor in our country," There is no doubt of special significance. Marx's theory of distribution justice takes distribution subordinate to production as the logical starting point, through criticizing and criticizing the unjust phenomenon of capitalist society, puts forward the path of realizing distribution justice. Taking the free and all-round development of human beings as the ultimate destination, the thorough discussion and research on these theories will help us to correctly understand the distribution problems that our country faces in the development of our country with a new vision and perspective. Through the systematic study of Marx's distributive justice theory, the author analyzes the emergence and development of Marx's distributive justice theory, which is based on the combination of theory and practice. The main contents and theoretical characteristics of Marx's distributive justice theory are expounded in detail. The basic contents of this paper mainly include three parts. The introduction part is about the purpose and significance of this topic, innovation and deficiency. In the first part, the theoretical sources and development of Marx's distributive justice theory are summarized in detail. Marx's distributive justice theory mainly comes from classical economics. The rational elements of utopian socialism and classical philosophy, The forming process has experienced three periods from 1840s to 60s and 70s. The second part elaborates the main contents and theoretical characteristics of Marx's distributive justice theory. The third part discusses the contemporary value of Marx's distributive justice theory from four aspects, including Marx's basic views on distributive justice, the basic principles, conditions and theoretical characteristics of Marx's distributive justice theory. That is, deepening reform, perfecting the basic economic system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, perfecting the income distribution system, narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor, and perfecting the social security system, The conclusion shows that Marx's theory of distribution justice is of great significance in solving the problems existing in the field of income distribution.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F014.4;F091.91

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