《资本论》中人的发展思想及其现实意义

发布时间：2018-04-13 01:24

本文选题：全面发展 + 自由发展　；参考：《华东师范大学》2003年硕士论文

【摘要】： 在《资本论》中，马克思系统阐述了他的人的发展思想。首先，他把共产主义社会认定为“以每个人的全面而自由的发展为基本原则的社会形式”。其次，他把“人的发展”中的“人”界定为“个人”。因为，唯物史观的前提和出发点是现实的“个人”。再次，他指出“人的发展”中的“发展”包括“全面发展” 和“自由发展”两个层次。“全面发展”包括个人能力的全面发展和个人社会关系的全面发展。“自由发展”即自由个性。第四，他全面分析了人的发展的制约因素：劳动是人的发展的历史起点；生产力是人的发展的物质基础；科技革命是人的发展的必备前提；公有制是人的发展的社会保障；个体与类的协调发展是人的发展的内在保障。最后，他指出入的发展是一个由“人的依赖关系”到“以物的依赖性为基础的人的独立性”再到“自由个性”的演进过程，自由个性是人的全面自由发展的最终实现。在《资本论》以前，特别是19世纪50年代以前，马克思人的发展理论还不成熟。究其原因主要在于，这一时期马克思对资本主义的研究还不够深入系统，其政治经济学还没有以完整的理论形态展现出来。在《资本论》中，马克思依据其科学的政治经济学，通过对资本主义社会人的发展的状况进行现实的和历史的分析，科学界定人的发展的地位、含义、作用，全面阐述人的发展的实现条件，总结概括出人的发展的三个阶段，标志着马克思人的发展理论的成熟。在《资本论》以后，马克思本人、恩格斯对马克思人的发展理论进行了进一步丰富和发展。《资本论》中人的发展理论具有重要的现实意义。共产主义社会是人的发展的最终实现，而社会主义社会是共产主义社会的第一阶段，因此，努力促进人的全面发展是建设社会主义新社会的本质要求。在社会主义初级阶段，我们要大力加强经济、政治、文化建设，自觉促进每个人的个性能力的全面自由发展和社会关系的发展；要建立社会主义市场经济体制，促进人的全面、自由、充分发展；要落实科教兴国战略，促进人的能力的全面发展；要实施可持续发展战略，，促进人与自然的协调发展；要扩大国际交往，促进人的普遍发展。
[Abstract]:In Capital, Marx systematically expounds his thoughts on human development.First of all, he put the Communist PartySocial justice is defined as a social form based on the fundamental principle of the comprehensive and free development of every human being.Secondly,He defined "man" as "individual" in "human development".Because the premise and starting point of historical materialismIs the real "individual".Thirdly, he pointed out that "development" in "human development" includes "comprehensive development".And "free development" two levels."All-round development" includes the comprehensive development of individual abilities and individual social concernsThe comprehensive development of the Department.Free development means free personality.Fourth, he made a comprehensive analysis of the constraints on human developmentFactors: Labor is the historical starting point of human development; productive forces are the material basis of human development; science and technology revolution isPublic ownership is the social security of human development, and the coordinated development of individual and class is human.The inner guarantee of development.Finally, he points out that the development of entry is a transition from "human dependence" to "substance."The independence of man based on the dependence of human being "and then to the evolution of" free personality ", the free personality is human.The ultimate realization of comprehensive and free development.Before Capital, especially before the 1850s, Marx's theory of human development was notMature.The main reason for this is that Marx's study of capitalism in this period was not sufficiently thorough and systematic.Its political economy has not yet been shown in a complete theoretical form.In Capital, Marx bases onIts scientific political economy, through a realistic and historical approach to the development of human beings in a capitalist society.Analyzing, scientifically defining the status, meaning and function of human development, expounding the conditions for the realization of human development in an all-round way.Summing up the three stages of human development marks the maturity of Marx's theory of human development.CapitalAfter that, Marx himself and Engels further enriched and developed Marx's theory of human development.The theory of human development in Capital has important practical significance.The Communist Society is the Development of Human beingsThe socialist society is the first stage of the communist society, so strive to promote the humanOverall development is the essential requirement of building a new socialist society.In the primary stage of socialism, we must make great effortsStrengthen economic, political and cultural construction, and consciously promote the all-round and free development of each individual's personality and societyIt is necessary to establish a socialist market economic system to promote the all-round, free and full development of human beings.The strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education should be implemented to promote the overall development of human capacity, and the strategy of sustainable development should be implemented to promote the development of the country.It is necessary to expand international contacts and promote the universal development of human beings.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：F091.91

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