亲贫困增长理论与测度方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 12:27

本文选题：收入分布 + 亲贫困　；参考：《首都经济贸易大学》2008年博士论文

【摘要】： 在经济体制转型的过程中,随着经济的连续高速增长,却出现了居民收入水平显著提高,贫富差距逐渐扩大的问题,居民收入差距的扩大导致了低收入者的相对贫困问题日益突出。而经济增长是否亲贫困,什么因素使得增长更加亲贫困,以及从增长中获得的收入分配是否更加亲贫困等问题逐步显现出来。 “亲贫困增长”具体指能够使贫困群体参与经济活动并从中得到更多好处的经济增长。本文就目前普遍关注的经济增长条件下收入分配和贫困缓解问题进行深入分析,构造了一个基于三者的统一分析理论和框架,利用本文改进的测度和分解分析方法对我国改革开放以来经济高速增长是否有利于穷人进行评价,并在此基础上提出相应的反贫困政策,以期找到促进我国长期亲贫困增长的途径。亲贫困增长理论与测度方法是一个内部结构复杂,影响因素众多的系统,涉及经济理论设定、研究方法设计、经济数据采集等多方面问题。归纳起来本文的主要结构和内容如下: 一、亲贫困增长分析的理论基础和基本框架本文以贫困识别与测度研究为逻辑起点,划分研究对象,并根据亲贫困增长相关理论,从贫困、经济增长与收入不平等互动关系的理论基础上,总结亲贫困增长的内涵,并构造了亲贫困增长分析的基本框架。随着经济的不断发展,无论是穷人还是富人,其生活水准都是随着时代变化而变化的,即亲贫困的研究对象是变动的,是在变动的贫困线标准下的贫困群体。因而,本文研究的贫困线是变化的,这一点不同于现有理论模型中的固定贫困线,贫困变动的影响因素还应当包括贫困线变动的效应。本文在该部分中还总结出中间阶层的中等收入群体由于来自于富人群体利益的补偿抵消了贫困群体的利益侵蚀,其分享的经济增长成果保持一定的不变水平的结论,该结论可作为对亲贫困增长问题进一步研究的展望。二、亲贫困增长测度及因素分解研究这是本文研究的核心和基础。该部分内容主要分为三个方面: 首先,本文提出一种新的基于收入分布的亲贫困增长判定方法,对用收入和不平等程度修正的贫困发生率赋予新的内容来进行判定,并构造了亲贫困增长判定指标。其次,本文采用Shapley分解规则对上述新构造的贫困度进行完全分解。将亲贫困增长的各种因素对贫困的影响归纳为经济增长效应、收入分配效应以及贫困线变动效应,利用不同时期的收入密度函数计算标准化的收入分布函数值并对其进行因素分解。再次,亲贫困增长的地区分解。本文仍然通过Shapley分解规则分解出具体地区相对于社会平均水平的经济增长效应、收入分配效应和贫困线变动效应。在亲贫困增长判定和因素分解过程中,本文对现有亲贫困增长测度指标的公理性标准进行了修正,把公理性标准的两因素模型扩展到三因素的动态可完全分解模型,提出亲贫困增长测度指标的时期可加性公理和因素可加性公理,并对本文的亲贫困增长测度指标进行了公理性标准的理论评价。本文利用实际数据和不同类型贫困线进行了稳健的实证分析,得到中国农村和城镇经济发展经历了一个从较强亲富增长,到较弱亲富增长,再到本世纪初期的较弱亲贫困增长的历练过程的结论。实证研究成果同时也表明,中国经济的快速增长,为农村和城镇贫困群体分享成果提供了坚实的经济基础,也为贫困度的大幅减少作出了重大贡献。近年来虽然增长对贫困群体福利具有积极影响,但收入分配效应及生活成本的提高部分抵消了经济增长的减贫效应,并且分配效应有恶化的趋势,对此应当采取相应的有效措施进一步改善收入不平等的状况。三、反贫困政策效应测度研究本文系统总结了亲贫困增长反贫困政策的框架,指出亲贫困增长政策的关键性问题便是如何在高速的经济增长条件下提高贫困群体的收入水平,降低其福利损失,并从根本上解决好收入分配差距过大的问题,制定合理的贫困线生活水平标准,使贫困群体切实参与经济增长的过程,制定瞄准性的扶贫政策,使经济增长具有亲贫困的性质。综上所述,本文借鉴了国内外的研究成果,通过对亲贫困增长理论、“涓滴式扶贫效应”和“瞄准式扶贫效应”及相互作用机理研究,完善自己的理论和模型,利用我国的数据进行深入的实证研究,其创新之处主要有: 第一,本文的研究对创立和完善具有中国特色并与国际接轨的亲贫困增长理论是有益的探索; 第二,本文界定了亲贫困增长的概念,首次从减缓贫困的角度来衡量经济增长的环境和性质,从定量的层次研究经济增长的减贫效果; 第三,本文构造了用收入分布修正的贫困发生率即贫困度,并可对其完全分解为增长效应、收入分配效应及贫困变动效应,修正了可以反映贫困线变动的亲贫困增长判定公理性标准,并在此基础上利用现有数据进行实证分析,全面考察经济发展对贫困的变动影响; 第四,本文提出了对不同区域之间经济增长成果程度进行量化的地区亲贫困增长测度及分解方法,为完善亲贫困区域经济增长理论提供了相应依据; 第五,本文的研究可以为政府扶贫政策和宏观调控提供科学依据、量化标准和效果评价方法。政府规范什么样的经济增长环境,制定什么样的经济增长政策有利于减缓贫困;政府制定什么样的再分配政策,采取什么样的扶贫政策和方式有利于减缓贫困;如何将“涓滴式扶贫”和“瞄准式扶贫”有效结合,制定符合中国实际情况的政策组合而缓解贫困,本文的研究力图回答并解决这些问题,试图给出一定时期内可供操作的数量界限。
[Abstract]:In the process of the transformation of economic system , with the continuous high - speed growth of economy , the income level of residents has been remarkably improved , and the gap between the rich and the poor has gradually expanded , and the widening of the income gap of the residents has led to the increasing of the relative poverty of the low - income earners .

This paper deeply analyzes the problems of income distribution and poverty alleviation under the condition of economic growth , and constructs a unified analysis theory and framework based on the three . Based on the measure and decomposition analysis method , the paper puts forward the corresponding anti - poverty policy , with a view to finding ways to promote the long - term pro - poverty growth in our country .

Pro - poverty growth theory and measure method is a system with complex internal structure and many influencing factors . It involves many aspects such as economic theory setting , research method design , economic data collection and so on . The main structure and content of this paper are as follows :

I . Theoretical basis and basic framework of pro - poverty growth analysis

Based on the theory of poverty , economic growth and inequality of income inequality , this paper summarizes the connotation of pro - poverty growth based on the theory of poverty , economic growth and income inequality , and constructs the basic framework of pro - poverty growth analysis .

With the development of economy , both the poor and the rich , the standard of living is changed with the change of the times , that is , the research object of pro - poverty is changing , it is the poor group under the standard of changing poverty line . Therefore , the poverty line studied in this paper is changed , which is different from the fixed poverty line in the existing theoretical model , and the influence factors of poverty change should also include the effect of the change of poverty line .

In this part , the author also concludes that middle - income groups of middle class have offset the interests of poor groups because of compensation from the interests of the rich groups , and their share of economic growth has kept constant level conclusion , which can be regarded as the prospect of further research on pro - poverty growth .

A Study on the Measurement of Pro - poverty Growth and the Decomposition of Factors

This is the core and basis of the study . This part is mainly divided into three aspects :

First , this paper proposes a new method of determining pro - poverty growth based on income distribution , which gives new content to the incidence of poverty corrected by income and inequality , and constructs the index of determining pro - poverty growth .

Secondly , this paper adopts Shapley decomposition rule to decompose the poverty degree of the above - mentioned new structure completely . The influence of factors of pro - poverty growth on poverty is summarized as economic growth effect , income distribution effect and poverty line fluctuation effect , and the normalized income distribution function value is calculated and decomposed by the income density function of different periods .

In this paper , the economic growth effect , income distribution effect and poverty line fluctuation effect relative to the social average are decomposed by Shapley decomposition rules .

In the process of decision and factor decomposition of pro - poverty growth , this paper modifies the public reason standard of the existing measure index of pro - poverty growth , extends the two - factor model of the public reason standard to the dynamic and complete decomposition model of the three factors , puts forward the period of the measure index of pro - poverty growth , and puts forward the additive axioms and the factor - additivity axioms , and makes a theoretical evaluation of the measure index of pro - poverty growth measure in this paper .

The empirical research also shows that the rapid growth of China ' s economy has provided a solid economic foundation for the sharing of achievements in rural and urban poor groups , which partly offset the poverty reduction effect of the economic growth , and the distribution effect has worsened , and the corresponding effective measures should be taken to further improve the income inequality .

Research on the Measure of Anti - Poverty Policy Effect

This paper summarizes the framework of pro - poor growth anti - poverty policy , and points out that the key problem of pro - poverty growth policy is how to improve the income level of poor group under the condition of high - speed economic growth , reduce its welfare loss , and fundamentally solve the problem of poor income distribution gap , formulate reasonable standard of living standard of poverty line , make the poor group participate in the process of economic growth effectively , formulate aim - oriented poverty alleviation policy , and make economic growth have the nature of pro - poverty .

In conclusion , this paper draws on the research achievements at home and abroad , through the study of pro - poverty growth theory , " trickle - down poverty alleviation effect " and " target - oriented poverty alleviation effect " and interaction mechanism , perfect its theory and model , make use of our country ' s data to carry on in - depth empirical research , its innovation is mainly :

First , the research of this paper is beneficial to the creation and perfection of the theory of pro - poverty growth with Chinese characteristics and international track .

Secondly , this paper defines the concept of pro - poverty growth , first measures the environment and nature of economic growth from the angle of poverty alleviation , and studies the poverty reduction effect of economic growth from the quantitative level .

Thirdly , this paper constructs the poverty incidence rate , which is corrected by the distribution of income , namely the poverty degree , and can completely break down into the growth effect , the income distribution effect and the poverty change effect , and corrects the public reason standard which can reflect the pro - poverty growth of the change of the poverty line , and makes use of the existing data to carry out the empirical analysis to comprehensively investigate the impact of the economic development on the poverty ;

Fourthly , this paper puts forward the measure and the decomposition method of regional pro - poverty growth to quantify the degree of economic growth among different regions , which provides the basis for perfecting the theory of economic growth of pro - poverty region ;

Fifth , this paper can provide scientific basis , quantitative standard and effect evaluation method for government ' s pro - poor policy and macro - control . What economic growth environment of government is in favor of poverty alleviation ; what kind of policies and ways of poverty alleviation are conducive to poverty alleviation ; how to reduce poverty by combining " trickle - down poverty alleviation " and " targeting poverty alleviation " ; and trying to answer and solve these problems .

【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：F224;F061.3

【引证文献】