费用对效用的关系、所有与占有的区别——对《资本论》学习再学习的体会

发布时间：2018-04-16 13:22

本文选题：费用与效用的关系 + 所有与占有　；参考：《山东社会科学》2017年10期

【摘要】：为纪念《资本论》(德文版)第一卷出版150周年,我又再次学习了《资本论》(德文版)以及《资本论》(法文版),并对以往的读书笔记做了整理,以成此文。我们通常都把价值理解为资本对劳动的剥削,但通过对《资本论》的重新学习,有了另一种理解:资本对劳动的剥削仅仅是问题的一个方面,资本与劳动的有效和谐结合,构成一种费用,价值是费用与效用的关系,劳动价值的源泉与实现,都包含在费用与效用的比较中。另外,我们通常都把"占有"看作是所有制的核心,但通过对《资本论》的重新学习,还会有另一种理解:所有制的性质存在于生产、流通、交换等环节中,而不能单单从占有关系上去判断所有制的性质,只有具有法律依据的"占有",才是所有制意义上的"占有"即"所有"。《资本论》一、二、三卷,从整体上验证了恩格斯的价值理论,马克思的价值理论以市场均衡为分析框架,抽象了价格竞争,是一种思维分析工具;劳动价值的源泉与价值的实现,都包含在恩格斯的费用与效用的比较中;《资本论》从生产、流通、分配多环节论述了私有制,不能简单的从生产资料归谁占有去判断所有制的性质。
[Abstract]:In order to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the publication of the first volume of Capital (German version), I have once again studied Capital (German version) and Capital (French edition), and have arranged the notes of previous books to make this article.We usually understand value as the exploitation of labor by capital, but by studying Capital again, we have another understanding: the exploitation of labor by capital is only one aspect of the problem, and the effective and harmonious combination of capital and labor,Constitute a kind of expense, the value is the relation between cost and utility, the source and realization of labor value are included in the comparison of cost and utility.In addition, we usually regard "possession" as the core of ownership, but through the re-study of Capital, there is another understanding: the nature of ownership exists in production, circulation, exchange, and so on.The nature of ownership cannot be judged solely in terms of the relation of possession. Only "possession", which has legal basis, is "possession" in the sense of ownership, that is, "all". The first, second and third volumes of Capital,As a whole, Engels' value theory is verified. Marx's value theory takes market equilibrium as the analysis frame, abstracts price competition, is a thinking analysis tool, the source of labor value and the realization of value."Capital" discusses private ownership in terms of production, circulation and distribution, and cannot simply judge the nature of ownership from the perspective of who owns the means of production.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院经济研究所;
【分类号】：F014;F091.91

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