技术创新经济学述评

发布时间：2018-04-22 00:38

本文选题：技术创新 + 经济学　；参考：《吉林大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：人类进入２１世纪，技术创新在经济活动中的作用越来越重要，同样，近些年来人们对技术创新经济学的研究也越来越深入，本文以熊彼特的创新思想为起点，概括性地对技术创新经济学的发展过程进行了回顾，进而对其发展原因加以分析，总结了这一学科的最新进展以及通过这项研究给我们带来的启示。全文共分为五个部分：　　　　　第一部分，引言。这一部分简要地概括了现代技术创新经济学的理论渊源及其发展历程，进而指出本文的写作目的，及文章的论述脉络。　　　　　第二部分，熊彼特的创新思想。众所周知，熊彼特的是现代技术创新理论的开山鼻祖，对于一篇评述技术创新经济学的文章而言，回顾熊彼特的创新思想是有必要的。熊彼特在其１９１２出版的德文版《经济发展理论》一书中首次提出了“创新”的概念，自此引发了近一个世纪的创新研究。在这部著作中，熊彼特将“经济发展”看作是“根本的经济现象”，而“创新”则是推动经济发展的根本动力。熊彼特以创新为核心概念，对信用、资本、利息以及企业家等经济运行中的重要基本概念的定义和功能进行重新表述，形成了自己特有的经济发展理论体系。此后，在其另外两部重要著作《经济周期》和《资本主义、社会主义与民主》中运用其创新思想分别对资本主义经济波动和社会演进进行了具体分析。尽管其理论学说难免有其局限和缺陷，但它仍为以后的经济学研究提供了重要的理论线索，具有重要的开创意义。　　　　　第三部分，现代技术创新理论的发展。由于熊彼特的思想偏离当时新古典经济学主流，所以《经济发展理论》一书的出版，并未引起人们的注意。直到１９３４年此书英文版的问世，情况才略有好转。但人们真正承认 37 WP=42 熊彼特学说的时间是从２０世纪５０年代开始的。熊彼特之后西方学者在技术创新方面研究工作主要围绕三个方面展开：一是新古典经济学家为将技术进步纳入到新古典经济学的理论框架中所做的努力，其结果就是以罗伯特·索洛为代表的新古典经济增长理论以及近年来发展声势颇大的新增长理论；二是以美国经济学家纳尔逊为代表的以进化观点分析技术创新和经济增长；三是以英国苏塞克斯大学科学政策研究所的弗里曼教授为代表，侧重研究技术创新的方式、途径、机制以及影响因素等问题，经验研究和案例分析为其突出特点。本文这一部分，简要地回顾了自哈罗德—多马模型以来新古典增长理论的发展（包括近期发展起来的新增长理论），在此基础上详细介绍了技术创新经济学的进化理论以及其ＳＰＲＵ传统。　　　　　第四部分，技术创新经济学发展的原因。这一部分对近半个世纪以来技术创新经济学的发展原因进行了分析。作者认为主要包括三个方面：首先，技术创新经济学的发展得益于熊彼特创新思想的召唤。正如前文所说，尽管自亚当·斯密等古典经济学家以来，人们就已经认识到技术进步对经济发展的重要意义，但是始终将技术看作经济发展的外生变量，没能将其纳入经济分析之中。正是熊彼特最先将技术创新引入了经济分析，而且将其作为核心概念加以运用。尽管如此，对技术创新的具体机理熊彼特却没有给出令人满意的解释，技术创新经济学正是为了弥补这一缺陷而应运而生。其次，技术创新经济学的发展针对的是新古典增长理论的致命缺陷。二战以后，，宏观经济学的分析逐渐从对经济波动研究转移到经济增长上来，与此同时也越来越注意到技术进步对经济增长的作用。尽管新古典理论模型经过半个世纪的发展完善，可以说已经达到了一种近乎精致的程度，但是仍未能对技术创新的具体机理进行系统研究，而这些正是技术创新经济学努力进行的工作。最后，技术创新经济学的发展还源于对主流经济学研究方法的反思。注重规范分析而缺乏对现实经验的解释分析是当代 38 WP=43 主流经济理论的一个重要特点，而现代技术创新经济学的研究企图弥补这种规范分析与解释分析相割裂的状态。由此可见，对研究方法的反思同样可以看作是技术创新经济学发展的动力之一。　　　　　第五部分，总结与启示。本文这一部分首先对技术创新经济学近半个世纪的发展进行了简要总结，进而阐明了其最新的发展动向。最后作者指出了通过本文的写作得出的启示以及我国技术创新经济学的研究现状。　
[Abstract]:In the twenty-first Century, the role of technological innovation in economic activities is becoming more and more important.
In recent years, research on the economics of technological innovation is getting deeper and deeper. This paper takes bear Pete's creation.
Starting from the new idea, the development process of technological innovation economics is reviewed in general.
The reasons for its development are analyzed, and the latest development of this subject is summarized.
The revelation is divided into five parts.
The first part is an introduction, which briefly summarizes the theory of modern technological innovation economics.
Origin and development process, and then point out the purpose of this article, and the context of the article.
The second part, bear Pete's innovative thinking. As we all know, bear Pete's modern technological innovation.
The founder of the theory, for an article commentary on technological innovation economics, looks back at bear Pete.
Pete's 1912 edition of the German version of "economic development theory" is necessary.
The concept of "innovation" was first put forward in the book, which has triggered nearly a century of innovative research.
In this book, Pete regarded "economic development" as a "fundamental economic phenomenon" and "create".
"New" is the fundamental driving force for economic development. Pete, taking innovation as the core concept, bears on credit.
The definition and function of capital, interest and important basic concepts in economic operation of entrepreneurs are emphasized.
The new expression has formed its own theoretical system of economic development. Since then, there are two other important aspects.
In the book "economic cycle" and "capitalism, socialism and democracy", we use their innovative ideas.
Do not make a concrete analysis of capitalist economic fluctuation and social evolution, though its theory is unavoidable.
It has its limitations and defects, but it still provides important theoretical clues for future economic research.
There is an important pioneering significance.
The third part is the development of modern technology innovation theory. Because Pete's thought deviated from the new theory at that time.
The mainstream of classical economics, so the publication of the book "economic development theory" has not attracted people's attention.
It was not until 1934 that the English version of the book improved slightly, but people really admitted it.
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The time of Pete's theory began in 1950s. After the bear Pete, western scholars were in the process.
There are three main aspects in the research of innovation: first, neo classical economists.
The progress of the study is incorporated into the theoretical framework of neoclassical economics, and the result is Robert Roberts.
The neo classical economic growth theory represented by Te Solo and the great momentum of development in recent years
The two is the analysis of technological innovation from the perspective of evolution, represented by American economist Nelson.
Economic growth; three is based on Professor Freeman, Institute of science policy, Sussex University.
It focuses on the ways, channels, mechanisms and influencing factors of technological innovation.
This part is a brief review of Harold - many.
The development of neoclassical growth theory since the horse model (including the recently developed new growth theory).
On this basis, the evolution theory of technological innovation economics and its SPRU tradition are introduced in detail.
The fourth part is about the reasons for the development of technological innovation economics.
The reasons for the development of technological innovation economics are analyzed. The author thinks that there are three main aspects: first
First, the development of economics of technological innovation benefits from the call of Pete's innovative ideas.
Although Adam Simy and other classical economists have been aware of the progress of technology in the past
The importance of economic development, but always regarded technology as an exogenous variable of economic development, and failed to bring it into play.
In the economic analysis, bear Pete first introduced technological innovation into economic analysis, and will
It is used as a core concept. Nevertheless, Inpet has no specific mechanism for technological innovation.
A satisfactory explanation has been given, and the economics of technological innovation is intended to make up for this shortcoming.
Secondly, the development of technological innovation economics is aimed at the fatal flaw of neoclassical growth theory.
After World War II, the analysis of macroeconomics gradually shifted from economic research to economic growth.
At the same time, more and more attention has been paid to the role of technological progress in economic growth.
After half a century of development and perfection, the model has reached a nearly delicate process.
However, the specific mechanism of technological innovation has not been systematically studied, and these are technological innovations.
Finally, the development of economics of technological innovation also stems from the main stream of economics.
Reflections on the research methods of economics, focusing on normative analysis and lack of interpretation and analysis of practical experience are contemporary.
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An important feature of mainstream economic theory is the study of modern technological innovation economics.
A state of separation between normative analysis and interpretation analysis.
It can be regarded as one of the driving forces for the development of technological innovation economics.
The fifth part is the conclusion and inspiration.
The development of the century is briefly summarized, and its latest development trend is clarified.
The inspiration drawn from the writing of this article and the current research situation of technological innovation economics in China are presented.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F062.4

【引证文献】