公平与效率均衡及路径分析

发布时间：2018-04-28 14:01

本文选题：公平 + 效率　；参考：《南京师范大学》2002年博士论文

【摘要】： 资源配置，能否做到既是有效的，又是公平的?这是经济学文献对公平与效率关系讨论的基本问题。目前经济学文献对此有肯定和否定两种基本观点。本文的基本观点是：公平与效率在现实中表现出来的替代性，，是两者一致性的表现形式。它不是对公平与效率本质一致的否定，据此我们可以寻找并确定达到公平与效率最佳结合的路径。本文用公平与效率均衡的概念表示公平与效率的一致性。这种一致性有两层含义： (1)指人们追求效率最优化的同时使每个人和别人一样；(2)边际社会成本等于边际社会收益时公平与效率结合的状态。通过公平与效率均衡的概念，在理论上建立了一个最优的替代性假定。本文认为，公平与效率关系在现实中的替代，表现为一个社会的公平与效率结合的具体状态总是偏离两者的均衡——这一最优的替代性假定。因此，一个公平与效率结合的具体状态只能是较为满意的，而不能达到“最佳结合”。但是，一系列较为满意的结合，能够不断地逼近“最佳状态”，因此，本质上仍然是可以表现为均衡的或是最佳结合的状态。根据上述基本观点，本文进一步分析公平与效率均衡的六个本质特征。从而将公平与效率均衡的概念具体化了。同时，本文指出：制度、公共商品、社会选择和信息是使公平与效率结合的具体状态偏离最佳结合的四个联合变量。通过对四个联合变量的操作，可以确定达到公平与效率最佳结合的基本路径。在理论实证部分，本文把各国公平与效率的结合分为均衡程度较高、非均衡和均衡程度较低三大类。这三种状态的典型代表为日本、美国和瑞典、拉美地区。我们重点分析了我国公平与效率结合的具体状态，最后提出了促进我国公平与效率关系向均衡目标迈进的具体路径。本文的研究方法，可以概括为以成本收益分析为核心，结合使用标准偏离分析、实证分析和规范分析的方法。
[Abstract]:Can the allocation of resources be both effective and fair? This is the basic issue discussed in the economic literature on the relationship between fairness and efficiency. At present, there are two basic viewpoints in economics literature: positive and negative. The basic viewpoint of this paper is that the substitution of fairness and efficiency in reality is the manifestation of consistency between the two. It is not the negation of the essence of fairness and efficiency, according to which we can find and determine the way to achieve the best combination of fairness and efficiency. In this paper, the concept of fairness and efficiency equilibrium is used to express the consistency of fairness and efficiency. This consistency has two meanings: (1) A state in which the marginal social cost is equal to the marginal social income when people are seeking the optimization of efficiency while making everyone else equal to the state of the combination of fairness and efficiency. Through the concept of fairness and efficiency equilibrium, an optimal alternative assumption is established theoretically. This paper holds that the substitution of the relation between fairness and efficiency in reality is manifested in the fact that the concrete state of the combination of fairness and efficiency in a society always deviates from the equilibrium of both, which is the optimal alternative assumption. Therefore, a combination of fairness and efficiency can only be satisfied with the specific state, and can not achieve the "best combination." However, a series of satisfactory combinations can continuously approach the "best state", so it is still the state of equilibrium or the best combination in essence. According to the above basic viewpoints, this paper further analyzes the six essential characteristics of fairness and efficiency equilibrium. Thus, the concept of equity and efficiency balance is concretized. At the same time, this paper points out that institution, public goods, social choice and information are the four joint variables that make the combination of fairness and efficiency deviate from the best combination. Through the operation of the four joint variables, the basic path to achieve the best combination of fairness and efficiency can be determined. In the theoretical and empirical part, this paper divides the combination of fairness and efficiency into three categories: high equilibrium, non-equilibrium and low equilibrium. Typical representatives of these three states are Japan, the United States and Sweden, and Latin America. We focus on the analysis of the specific state of the combination of fairness and efficiency in our country, and finally put forward the specific path to promote the relationship between fairness and efficiency towards the goal of equilibrium. The research methods of this paper can be summed up as the cost-benefit analysis as the core, combined with the standard deviation analysis, empirical analysis and normative analysis.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：F014.4

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