创新网络内知识流动机制研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 22:15

本文选题：创新网络 + 知识流动　；参考：《南开大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 长期以来,对技术创新机制的研究,主要停留在企业个体层面上,探讨企业内组织对创新绩效的影响。然而,当分工演化使知识变得更为分立时,企业技术创新便产生了对外部知识的依赖,创新必然越来越采取一种集体的方式,而不是个体的方式,创新的位置由企业走向了网络。在创新的位置由企业走向了网络之后,从网络或说群体层面对技术创新的研究逐渐受到学界重视,但现有文献仍然较为薄弱,对创新网络内知识整合机制的研究也不够充分,尤其是从知识自身特性出发,系统探讨基于网络平台的知识整合机制,在理论上具有新颖性。另一方面,我国目前许多创新网络已初具形态,但网络化创新的优势仍未得到充分的挖掘,因此,本文对创新网络内知识流动、整合机制的研究具有一定的理论与现实意义。本论文从信息传播角度来解构创新网络内知识流动、整合过程,探讨知识流动过程中的障碍与对应的解决方案,认为知识的表达、解读与定价是影响知识流动的三个难题,而对于这三个难题,创新网络提供了共享环境、认知资本、基于关系信任的价值确定,在促进知识流动整合方面具有优势。论文共分八章。第一章为导论,主要内容包括选题研究意义、相关概念界定、国内外研究状况、研究方法、结构安排和可能的创新点与不足。这一章对全文起着设计和总揽的作用。第二章为问题的提出。论文认为技术创新是一个知识运动过程,而分工导致的知识分立使企业在技术创新过程中产生了对外部知识的依赖,在获取外部知识的过程中,企业面临着三个难题。第三章分析创新网络内关系联结的生成机制。企业为什么会向区域内聚集并形成各种类型的网络关系呢?首先,论文考察了创新网络内部关系联结的类型;其次,论文从关系投资的路径依赖的角度分析了随机的市场交易关系为什么会向稳定的交易关系收敛;再次,论文分别分析了企业内纵向关系联结与横向关系联结的生成机理。纵向关系联结起源于分工协调问题,市场、企业与关系网络是三种不同的分工协调机制,关系网络即能保证充分地取得企业间分工的好处,又能降低分工的高协调费用。横向关系网络起源于企业间竞争关系的变化,一方面,竞争从区域走向了全球,从个体竞争走向了群体竞争,另一方面,同一网络内部的企业之间形成了共享性的集体资产,使同类企业之间的纯粹竞争走向了竞争与合作的混合。第四章到第六章分别分析了知识流动过程中的三个障碍与基于网络的解决途径。第四章分析了创新网络在解决知识的表达难题方面的机制与优势。默会知识在技术创新过程中处于重要地位,对于不可表达的默会知识,只能通过环境共享来传播。共享环境是共享代码的替代机制。创新网络内的共享环境创造了对话场与实践场,为默会知识的流动与整合搭建了平台。第五章分析了创新网络在解决知识的解读难题方面的机制与优势。认知是有成本的,而认知成本取决于企业之间是否共享代码、企业间存量知识势差的大小以及企业间在价值观上的差异程度。上述三个层面的影响因素可以用认知资本来概括。创新网络内部长期的互动与产业的强相关性,使企业之间的存量知识势差相对较小,而在互动中形成了具有区域特色的文化与价值观,这些因素都降低了知识流动过程中的认知成本。第六章分析了创新网络在解决知识定价难题方面的机制与优势。技术创新过程中的知识流动作为一个经济过程,要受到价值的约束,没有价值的知识其流动是没有意义的,事实上也不会流动。技术创新本身具有高度不确定性,从而影响企业之间的知识、技术合作的达成。而关系信任是价值信任的替代机制,可以在一定程度上缓解创新合作的定价难题。创新网络内存在着多种基于关系互动的信任机制。第七章在前文分析的基础上,与现实相结合,分析了中关村创新网络的有效性。中关村创新网络内已初步形成了纵向与横向关系网络,但网络仍然不够发达,产学研的脱节、分工网络的不充分发育,同类企业之间未形成有效合作等因素,都使中关村的技术创新未充分挖掘出网络化创新的优势。第八章为论文结论与政策启示。通过论文研究得出结论,创新网络在技术创新过程中的知识流动与整合中发挥重要作用,拥有独特优势,有效地解决了知识流动与整合过程中三个层次的难题——知识的表达难题、解读难题及定价难题。而创新网络内的纵向关系同分工演化有重要关系,横向关系与同类企业之间能否建立起竞合关系有关。通过推动产学研结合,提高创新网络的分工专业化能力,培育企业间产业联系,促进中介组织的发育等措施,一定程度上可以推动创新网络的形成。论文的创新点主要体现为以下四个方面。第一,本文从分工演化的角度,分析了技术创新位置由企业走向了网络的原因。分工导致知识分立程度提高,分工导致交易的需求,知识生产的专业化与技术创新的集成性使企业在技术创新过程中产生了对外部知识的需求与依赖,这是创新的位置从企业走向了网络的根本原因。第二,本文将技术创新过程看作一个知识流动、整合与生产的过程,结合布瓦索的信息空间理论、库伯的学习圈理论、野中郁次郎的SECI模型,分析了技术创新过程中所涉及到的不同类型的知识,技术创新过程中的知识运动过程。第三,本文将创新网络内部的关系联结分为两类:纵向关系联结与横向关系联结,并分析了两类关系联结的形成机制。纵向关系联结起源于分工协调,关系网络是一种介于科层与市场之间的分工协调机制,对于垂直分工,企业内协调沅法充分实现潜在的分工专业化经济,而市场协调则交易费用过高,关系网络协调在这两方面体现出了优势。横向关系联结起源于竞争格局的变化,竞争从区域走向全球,从个体走向群体,以及创新网络内集体性资产的形成,使同类企业之间的合作空间得到了拓展,从而使企业在不同的领域采取不同的竞争或合作的策略。企业往往在远离顾客的、前端的活动中采取合作,而在接近顾客的、后端的活动中采取竞争。第四,本文运用信息理论分析了创新网络中,技术创新相关知识与信息的流动事整合模式,现有文献中,也有部分学者对创新网络中的知识流动进行了关注和研究,但往往缺乏系统性,本文从W.Weaver论及的信息传播过程的三个层次的问题——水平A,知识的表达层面;水平B,知识的解读层面;水平C,效用或价值层面——出发,系统分析了信息与知识流动过程中的阻力,解释了创新网络在解决三个水平的知识流动问题方面的独特优势,从而为创新网络内信息与知识流动模式提供了更为系统的解释。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the research on the mechanism of technological innovation is mainly focused on the individual level of the enterprise to explore the influence of internal organization on the innovation performance. However, when the evolution of the division of labor makes knowledge more discrete, the technological innovation of the enterprise depends on the external knowledge, and the innovation is bound to take a collective way, not the individual. In the way, the position of innovation is from the enterprise to the network. After the innovation position has gone from the enterprise to the network, the research on the technology innovation from the network or the group layer has gradually been paid attention to by the academic circles, but the existing literature is still relatively weak, and the Research on the knowledge integration mechanism in the innovation network is not enough, especially from the knowledge itself. On the other hand, many innovative networks in our country have begun to take shape, but the advantages of network innovation have not been fully excavated. Therefore, this paper has a certain theory and reality on the study of knowledge flow and integration mechanism in the innovation network. Significance.
From the perspective of information dissemination, this paper deconstructs the knowledge flow and integration process in the innovation network, discusses the obstacles and corresponding solutions in the process of knowledge flow, and holds that knowledge expression, interpretation and pricing are three difficult problems affecting the flow of knowledge, and the new network provides a shared environment, cognitive capital, and relationship based on the three difficult problems. The value determination of trust has advantages in promoting the integration of knowledge flow. The thesis is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter is an introduction. The first chapter is an introduction. The main contents include the significance of the research, the definition of the related concepts, the research situation at home and abroad, the research methods, the structure arrangement and the possible innovation points and shortcomings. This chapter plays the role of the full text and the second chapters. The paper argues that technical innovation is a process of knowledge movement, and the division of knowledge leads to the enterprise in the process of technological innovation to produce the dependence on external knowledge. In the process of acquiring external knowledge, enterprises are faced with three problems. The third chapter analyzes the formation mechanism of the relationship in the new network. What can we gather in the region and form various types of network relationships? First, the paper examines the types of internal relations in the innovation network. Secondly, the paper analyzes why the stochastic market transaction relationship converges to a stable transaction relationship from the path dependence of the relationship investment. The formation mechanism of the longitudinal relationship and the lateral relationship. The longitudinal relationship originated from the division of labor and coordination. The market, the enterprise and the relationship network are three different coordination mechanisms. The relationship network can guarantee the benefits of the division of labor fully and reduce the high coordination cost of the division. The horizontal relationship network originated from the enterprise. On the one hand, competition is changing from the region to the world, from the individual competition to the group competition, on the other hand, the shared collective assets are formed between the enterprises within the same network, and the pure competition among the same enterprises is mixed with the competition and the combination. The fourth chapter to the sixth chapter analyses the knowledge respectively. The three obstacles and network based solutions in the flow process. The fourth chapter analyzes the mechanism and advantages of the innovative network in solving the problem of knowledge expression. Tacit knowledge is in an important position in the process of technological innovation. The unexpressed tacit knowledge can only be transmitted through the sharing of the environment. The shared environment is shared code The sharing environment in the innovation network creates a dialogue field and a practice field, which sets up a platform for the flow and integration of tacit knowledge. The fifth chapter analyzes the mechanism and advantages of the innovative network in solving the problem of knowledge interpretation. Cognition is cost dependent, and the cognitive cost depends on the sharing of code between enterprises and the storage between enterprises. The size of the potential difference of knowledge and the difference in value between enterprises. The factors affecting the three levels can be summed up by the cognitive capital. The strong correlation between the long-term interaction and the industry in the innovation network makes the stock knowledge difference between the enterprises relatively small, and the culture and price with regional characteristics are formed in the interaction. These factors all reduce the cognitive cost in the process of knowledge flow. The sixth chapter analyzes the mechanism and advantages of the innovation network in solving the problem of knowledge pricing. The knowledge flow in the process of technological innovation is a process of economic development, which is bound by value, and the flow of the knowledge without value is meaningless, and in fact, No flow. Technological innovation itself has a high degree of uncertainty, which affects the knowledge between enterprises and the achievement of technical cooperation. Relationship trust is an alternative mechanism for value trust. It can alleviate the pricing problem of innovation cooperation to a certain extent. The seventh chapter is in the previous article. On the basis of the analysis and combining with the reality, the effectiveness of the Zhongguancun innovation network is analyzed. The network of vertical and horizontal relations has been preliminarily formed in the Zhongguancun innovation network, but the network is still not developed, the production, research and research are disjointed, the division of labor network is not fully developed and the similar enterprises have not formed effective cooperation and so on, which all make Zhongguancun's technology The innovation of the eighth chapter is the conclusion and policy enlightenment of the paper. The conclusion is that the innovation network plays an important role in the knowledge flow and integration in the process of technological innovation, and has a unique advantage, which effectively solves the problems of three levels in the process of knowledge flow and integration. There is an important relationship between the vertical relationship in the innovative network and the evolution of the division of labor. The horizontal relationship is related to the establishment of competing relations between the same enterprises. The development and other measures can promote the formation of innovation network to a certain extent.
The innovation points of the paper are mainly embodied in the following four aspects. First, from the perspective of the evolution of the division of labor, this paper analyzes the reasons for the technological innovation position from the enterprise to the network. The division of labor leads to the enhancement of the degree of knowledge separation, the demand for the transaction caused by the division of labor, the integration of the specialization of knowledge production and the innovation of technology, which makes the enterprise in the process of technological innovation. In this paper, the technological innovation process is considered as a process of knowledge flow, integration and production, combined with the information space theory of Kolb, Kolb's learning circle theory, Nonaka Fujiro's SECI model, and the analysis of technology. The different types of knowledge involved in the process of innovation and the process of knowledge movement in the process of technological innovation. Third. This paper divides the relationship in the innovation network into two categories: the longitudinal relationship and the lateral relationship, and the formation mechanism of the relationship between the two types of relations. A coordination mechanism between the division and the market. For the vertical division of labor, the coordination yuan method in the enterprise fully realizes the potential division of specialization economy, while the market coordination is too high in transaction costs. The relationship network coordination has shown the advantages in these two aspects. The horizontal relationship is originated from the change of the competition pattern and the competition is from the region. The global, from the individual to the group, as well as the formation of the collective assets within the innovation network, makes the cooperation space between the same enterprises expand, so that enterprises take different strategies of competition or cooperation in different fields. Fourth, in this paper, the information theory is used to analyze the integration model of the flow of knowledge and information in the innovation network. In the existing literature, some scholars have paid attention and Research on the knowledge flow in the innovation network, but they are often lack of systematicness, and three of the information dissemination process discussed in this paper from W.Weaver. The level A, the level of knowledge expression, the level B, the understanding level of knowledge, the level C, the utility or the value level, the resistance in the flow of information and knowledge is analyzed systematically, and the unique advantages of the innovative network in solving the three levels of knowledge flow questions are explained, thus the information and the information within the network are innovating. The pattern of knowledge flow provides a more systematic explanation.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：F062.3

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