经济发展与贸易区域化：一个新兴古典理论框架及其启示

发布时间：2018-06-01 03:47

本文选题：经济发展 + 贸易区域化　；参考：《西北大学》2002年博士论文

【摘要】： 经济学是解释世界的科学，探求对经济生活与社会发展更深入的理解与阐释，是经济学研究的核心所在。本文的中心工作是论证一个新的解释经济发展一般机制的理论框架，并运用此框架解释一类重要经济现象，寻求解释的目的则在于进一步阐释和验证社会经济发展的一般机制及其表现形式。这个新的分析框架就是新兴古典经济学和超边际分析，“重要经济现象”就是经济发展中市场扩展和在此过程中出现的贸易区域化现象，包括国际经济领域的经济一体化和贸易集团化以及国内的地方贸易保护问题。社会经济发展的一般机制是经济学特别是发展经济学需要回答的一个基本问题。本文遵循从古典经济学到新兴古典经济学的发展脉络，试图对此问题研究的发展历程、研究成果及相互间的交叉互补进行批判性回顾，探求经济发展机制的规律。本文认为，对经济发展一般机制的研究至少应当涉及三个问题：一是财富增长与报酬递增的根源；二是报酬递增自我繁殖、自我实现的机制；三是这种机制得以运转的基础和制约其演进速度与方向的因素。新古典学派用规模经济的方法解释前两个问题，对第三个问题避而不谈；新制度经济学提供了对第三个问题的回答，但对前两个问题却涉及不多。新兴古典经济学和超边际分析很大程度上克服了上述缺陷，将斯密—杨格—科斯的思想融合在一个分析框架内。在这个框架中，专业化分工与交易构成人类经济社会的基本概貌，而专业化分工与交易费用之’间此消彼长的两难冲突及其有效折衷则成为贯穿社会经济发展过程的一条主线。借助这一分析框架及其技术手段，本文首先利用一个引入交易费用的西北大学经管学院博士学位论文李嘉图模型的超边际分析对我国的地方贸易保护问题进行研究。分析表明，我国社会经济分工网络在从中央计划协调到加强地方政府协调再到市场协调的演变过程中，多种协调机制的共存为地方贸易懈出现提供了基础，＼而发达地区（行业）选择自由开放的贸易政策，欠发达地区（行业）选择地区保护政策则符合短期决策中的纳什均衡。中央政府要实现打破和消除地方贸易保护的目标，应当围绕引导地方潜叨刊寺别是落后地区政府的决策从短期向长期转变采取相应措施。本文基于新兴古典经济理论的基本思路和方法，给出了一个用来解释贸易区域化和国际经济一体化得以出现的分析框架。其核心思想是，一体化现象是川门处理两难冲突的结果，构成溯两难冲突的是分工网络与内生交易费用和外生交易费用。川1既要充分利用专业化分工网络拓展的好处，又要防范这一网络失灵甚至破裂可能带来的风险，同时还要考虑外生交易费用的影响。这一框架提供了比传统一体化理论更强的解释能力，可以回答传统理论不能解答的一些重要问题，可以使一体化组织的大小在这个框架中内生决定，还可将政治等因素纳入到内生交易费用这样一个经济学概念中，从而在一个统一的框架中来解释贸易区域化现象。更重要的是，这种方法使对一体化现象的解释与社会经济发展的一般机制相联系，贸易区域化和一体化组织的出现只是这种机制在国际领域的表现。本文认为，虽然这两种现象出现在不同领域，，但本质上是一致的，都是社会经济发展一般机制作用的表现，都是人们处理分工网络带来的好处（或者说合作的好处）与交易费用作为制约因素之间两难冲突的结果，都是特定经济发展过程中必然出现的现象。我们将其看作两个案例作为对本文给出的经济发展机制分析框架的验证。
[Abstract]:Economics is the science of explaining the world and exploring the deeper understanding and interpretation of economic life and social development. It is the core of the economic research. The central work of this article is to demonstrate a new theoretical framework for explaining the general mechanism of economic development, and to use this framework to explain a class of important economic phenomena, and the purpose of seeking explanation lies in the purpose of this article. To further explain and verify the general mechanism and its manifestation of social and economic development. This new analytical framework is the emerging classical economics and the hyper marginal analysis. "Important economic phenomena" are the expansion of the market and the trade regionalization in the process of economic development, including the economic integration in the international economy and the economic integration in the field of economic development. Collectivization of trade and local trade protection in China.
The general mechanism of social and economic development is a basic question that economics, especially development economics, needs to be answered. This article follows the development of the classical economics to the emerging classical economics, and tries to review the development process of the research, the research results and the cross complement of each other, and explore the mechanism of economic development. At least three problems should be involved in the study of the general mechanism of economic development: one is the root of wealth growth and increasing returns; two is the mechanism of increasing returns to self reproduction and self realization; three is the basis for the operation of this mechanism and the factors that restrict the speed and direction of its evolution. The scale of the new classical school is of scale. The method of economy explains the first two problems and avoids the third questions; the new institutional economics provides the answer to the third questions, but it does not involve much of the first two questions. The new classical economics and the hyper marginal analysis greatly overcome the above defects, and combine the thought of Smith young Kos to an analysis frame. In the framework, in this framework, specialized division of labor and trade constitute the basic outline of human economic society, and the dilemma and effective compromise between professional division of labor and transaction costs and its effective compromise become a main thread throughout the process of social and economic development.
With the help of this analytical framework and its technical means, we first use a transaction cost approach.
Doctoral thesis of Northwestern University School of economics and management
The infra marginal analysis of Ricardo model is used to study the protection of local trade in China.
China's social and economic division network is from central planning coordination to strengthening local government coordination and market cooperation.
The co-existence of various coordination mechanisms provides a basis for the slow emergence of local trade.
The developed areas (industries) choose free and open trade policies, and choose less developed areas (industries).
The regional protection policy is consistent with the Nash equilibrium in short-term decision-making. The central government should break down and eliminate it.
The goal of local trade protection should focus on guiding the local government to make decisions.
Take the corresponding measures from the short term to the long term.
Based on the basic ideas and methods of the new classical economic theory, this paper gives an explanation.
An analytical framework for the emergence of trade regionalization and international economic integration.
The phenomenon is the result of the dilemma between Sichuan and China.
It is necessary to make full use of the specialized division network to expand the transaction cost and the transaction cost. Sichuan 1 should make full use of the specialization division network.
We should also guard against the risks that may arise from the failure of the network, and at the same time, we should also consider exogenous factors.
The impact of transaction costs. This framework provides more explanatory power than traditional integration theory.
To answer some important questions that can not be answered by traditional theory, we can make the size of the integrated organization here.
Within the framework, endogenous factors can be incorporated into the economy of endogenous transaction costs.
In the concept of learning, we can explain the phenomenon of trade regionalization in a unified framework. More importantly,
This approach makes the explanation of integration phenomenon related to the general mechanism of socio-economic development.
The emergence of regionalized and integrated organizations is only a manifestation of this mechanism in the international arena.
This article holds that although these two phenomena occur in different fields, they are essentially the same.
It is a manifestation of the general mechanism of social and economic development, and it is the benefits brought about by the division of labor network.
(or the benefits of cooperation) and the trade-off between transaction costs as constraints.
It is an inevitable phenomenon in the process of specific economic development. We regard it as the two case.
The verification framework of economic development mechanism is verified in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：F740;F06

【参考文献】