马克思商品经济批判思想的价值意蕴研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 10:54

本文选题：马克思 + 商品经济　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：商品经济时代是人类经济社会发展不可跨越的重要阶段,它创造了人类走向共产主义社会的各方面的条件。但是,在马克思的设想中,未来的社会将不会存在商品的生产和交换,人类终将超越商品经济走向产品经济时代。每个人的劳动将直接成为社会劳动,人们可以根据自己所需从社会领取到生活资料,到那时将真正实现每个人的自由个性和全面发展。然而,马克思只是给我们勾勒出了共产主义社会的大致轮廓,只是给我们传达了他对于商品经济批判的最终价值关切和思路,却没有为我们描绘如何从现实社会过渡到共产主义社会的具体细节。因此,这为中国从事社会主义建设留下了诸多值得探索的理论空间。在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》、《资本论》等重要著作中马克思全面分析了商品经济产生的条件、商品经济存在的历史作用并对资本主义条件下商品生产进行了深入的揭示和批判。他指出,资本主义生产方式是商品经济发展的必然产物,而建立在雇佣劳动基础之上的商品生产必然会导致资本与劳动的对立,在资本主义剩余价值规律、积累和竞争规律的推动下,必然进一步加深工人的异化。因此,摒弃资本主义生产方式的弊端,摆脱生产关系的压抑和束缚,将工人从被奴役与被剥削的现状中解放出来,超越商品经济,实现每个人的自由全面发展,就是马克思商品经济批判思想的价值旨向。新中国成立后,中国继承和发展了马克思关于商品经济的思想,结合社会主义的历史实践,创造性地建立了具有中国特色的社会主义市场经济理论。经过几十年的发展,中国的社会主义市场经济改革取得了巨大的成绩,但是,诸如贪污腐败严重、社会贫富差距较大、拜金主义盛行、思想道德沦陷,环境污染等一系列市场经济的负面效应也日益暴露出来。因此,本文将直面当前社会主义经济发展的现实问题去阐释马克思商品经济批判的相关思想,挖掘该思想对中国社会主义市场经济发展的启示。本文一共有四个章节:第一章:马克思商品经济批判思想的理论逻辑与价值关切。文章首先回溯到马克思商品经济批判思想本身,探索它孕育的历程以及理论逻辑,阐发马克思对于商品经济批判的价值关切。这一章主要介绍了他的“异化劳动”学说,劳动价值理论的科学推进,以及对资本主义条件下商品生产的深入揭示和批判。第二章:超越商品经济走向共产主义的制度设计和设想。在马克思看来,既然商品经济阶段只是我们走向共产主义社会的一个过渡环节,那么具体该如何超越商品经济走向共产主义,马克思提出了自己关于人类未来社会的构想。从经济层面来说主要是重建个人所有制,从政治层面来说就是要坚持无产阶级专政,最终成为每个人自由全面发展的自由人的联合体。第三章:马克思商品经济批判思想在当代中国的创造性转化。中国经济的飞速发展,离不开对于马克思商品经济批判思想的深入研究和学习,更重要的是结合中国实际实现了创造性的转化。这一章从理论回归到了现实,主要梳理了从建国以来中国对于马克思商品经济批判思想的创造性转化。第四章:马克思商品经济批判思想对中国社会主义市场经济的价值引导。这一章是本文的重点也是落脚点所在,当前中国社会主义市场经济的发展虽取得了巨大的成就,但也遇到了一些伦理道德问题。因此,我们必须秉承马克思商品经济批判思想的价值意旨,在发展社会主义市场经济的过程中坚持社会主义方向,引导资本更好地服务人民,凸显市场经济的“人本”维度。继续弘扬中国特色社会主义道路的价值坐标,摆脱商品拜物教观念的腐朽影响,树立正确的社会主义利益观念。
[Abstract]:The era of commodity economy is an important stage of human economic and social development that can not be leapfrog. It creates human conditions for all aspects of the Communist society. However, in the imagination of Marx, the production and exchange of commodities will not exist in the future society. Human beings will eventually go beyond the commercial economy to the era of product economy. It will directly become a social labor, and people can get the material from the society according to their own needs. By that time, they will truly realize the free personality and all-round development of everyone. However, Marx only gives us a outline of the Communist society, but only conveys his final value to the criticism of the commodity economy. It does not describe the details of how to transition from the real society to the Communist society. Therefore, it leaves a lot of theoretical space for China to engage in socialist construction. In the important works, such as the Economic Philosophy Manuscript of <1844, "Das Kapital," and other important works, Marx analyzed the articles produced by the commodity economy in an all-round way. The historical role of commodity economy and the in-depth disclosure and criticism of commodity production under capitalist conditions. He points out that the capitalist mode of production is the inevitable product of the development of commodity economy, and the production of commodity based on the basis of employment will inevitably lead to the contradiction between capital and labor, and the surplus value of capitalism. Under the impetus of law, accumulation and competition law, the alienation of the workers must be further deepened. Therefore, to abandon the abuse of the capitalist mode of production and to get rid of the restraints and restraints of the production relationship, liberate the workers from the status of being enslaved and exploited, surpass the commodity economy, and realize the free and comprehensive development of everyone, that is, the Marx commodity. After the founding of new China, China inherited and developed Marx's Thoughts on commodity economy, combined with the historical practice of socialism and created a socialist market economy theory with Chinese characteristics. After decades of development, the reform of China's socialist market economy has achieved great success. However, the negative effects of a series of market economies, such as corruption and corruption, the great gap between the rich and the poor, the popularity of money worship, the fall of ideology and morality, environmental pollution and so on. Therefore, this article will face the current problems of the current socialist economic development to explain the related thoughts of Marx's commodity economic criticism. There are four chapters in this article: Chapter One: the first chapter: the theoretical logic and value concern of Marx's critical thought of commodity economy. The article first traces back to the critical thought of Marx's commodity economy, explores the course of its breeding and theoretical logic, and elucidates Marx's commodity. This chapter mainly introduces his theory of "alienated labor", the scientific advance of the theory of labor value, and the deep revelation and criticism of commodity production under the condition of capitalism. The second chapter: the system design and assumption that transcends commodity economy to communism. In Marx's view, since the stage of commodity economy It is only a transition link to the Communist society, so how should we transcend the commodity economy to communism, and Marx put forward his own idea about the future of human society. From the economic level, it is mainly to rebuild the individual ownership, and at the political level, it is to adhere to the dictatorship of the proletariat, and eventually become every one. The third chapter: the third chapter: the creative transformation of the critical thought of commodity economy in contemporary China. The rapid development of China's economy can not be separated from the in-depth study and study of the critical thought of Marx's commodity economy, and more importantly, it has realized the creative transformation in combination with the reality of China. The theory has returned to the reality, mainly combing the creative transformation of China's critical thought of Marx's commodity economy since the founding of the people's Republic. The fourth chapter: the value guiding of the critical thought of Marx's commodity economy to the Chinese socialist market economy. This chapter is the focus of this article and the point where the Chinese socialist market economy is at present. Although the development has made great achievements, it has also encountered some ethical and moral problems. Therefore, we must uphold the value of Marx's critical thought of commodity economy, adhere to the socialist direction in the process of developing the socialist market economy, guide the capital to serve the people better, and highlight the "Humanistic" dimension of the market economy. Carry forward the value coordinates of the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, get rid of the decadent influence of commodity fetishism and set up the correct concept of socialist interests.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F091.91;F014.3

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