剖析新自由主义：理论、政策实践及其启示

发布时间：2018-06-04 03:46

本文选题：新自由主义 + 理论　；参考：《武汉大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为理论现象的新自由主义,至少已有60年的发展历史。它学说众多学派林立,但都以宣扬传统经济自由主义反对凯恩斯国家干预主义为主要特征,主张实施“私有化、市场化、非调控化和贸易自由化”的经济政策。1979年以后,新自由主义改革浪潮首先在英美两国兴起,继而扩展到欧美其它发达国家。20世纪80年代中期以来,新自由主义逐渐嬗变为代表美国等国际垄断资本主义利益的经济范式和政治、意识形态纲领。“华盛顿共识”是政治化和意识形态化的新自由主义的成熟表现形态。20世纪最后10年至今,世界上许多发展中国家、转型国家以“华盛顿共识”为指南的社会经济改革,不仅没能取得经济的发展,反而酿造了一系列难以弥合的经济、政治、社会危机。其中,拉美和东欧国家是两个新自由主义“重灾区”。近年来,国际社会讨论、批判和抵制新自由主义尤其是“华盛顿共识”的潮流不断高涨。本文通过从理论和政策实践两方面集中考察新自由主义的内涵与表现,形成了对新自由主义本质的初步认识,并且分析指出了我国理论界应对新自由主义采取的科学态度。第一章首先对新自由主义的内涵和兴起原因做了简要分析;第二章集中考察新自由主义的理论表现。在归结出新自由主义理论五大共同特征之后,本章逐一评述了哈耶克自由主义、货币主义、理性预期学派、公共选择学派和现代产权学派等五大新自由主义变体的理论政策要点;第三章则是对新自由主义政策实践及其后果的实证研究。其中,美国、阿根廷和俄罗斯的新自由主义改革是本章最重要的三个典型案例,它们依次代表了发达国家、发展中国家和经济转型国家的一般情况;本文最后一章内容与中国的现实紧密相关。首先,笔者分析了新自由主义近年来对我国破坏性影响的具体表现(理论与实践两方面的影响);接着,在深入揭示新自由主义内在本质的基础上提出了国内理论界应对之采取的正确态度;最后,笔者还对国企改革能否以科斯产权理论为指导思想这一热点问题提出了自己的认识。
[Abstract]:Neoliberalism, as a theoretical phenomenon, has been developed for at least 60 years. It has numerous schools of thought, but it is characterized by advocating traditional economic liberalism against Keynesian state interventionism and advocating the implementation of economic policies of "privatization, marketization, deregulation and trade liberalization". The wave of neoliberal reform first rose in Britain and America, and then extended to other developed countries in Europe and America. Since the mid-1980s, neoliberalism has gradually evolved into an economic paradigm and politics representing the interests of international monopoly capitalism such as the United States. Ideological programme The "Washington consensus" is a mature manifestation of politicized and ideological neoliberalism. Since the last decade of the 20th century, many developing countries and countries in transition have been guided by the "Washington consensus" in their socio-economic reforms. Not only did not achieve economic development, but brewing a series of difficult economic, political, social crisis. Among them, Latin America and Eastern Europe are two neoliberal "disaster areas." In recent years, the international community has been discussing, criticizing and resisting neoliberalism, especially the Washington consensus. This paper focuses on the connotation and performance of neoliberalism from two aspects of theory and policy practice, forming a preliminary understanding of the essence of neoliberalism, and points out the scientific attitude taken by Chinese theorists to neoliberalism. The first chapter makes a brief analysis of the connotation and reason of neoliberalism, the second chapter focuses on the theoretical performance of neoliberalism. After summing up five common features of neoliberal theory, this chapter reviews Hayek liberalism, monetarism, rational expectation school one by one. The main points of theory and policy of five neoliberal variants, such as public choice school and modern property right school, and the third chapter is an empirical study on the practice of neoliberal policy and its consequences. Among them, the neoliberal reform of the United States, Argentina and Russia is the most important three typical cases in this chapter, which represent the general situation of developed countries, developing countries and countries with economies in transition. The last chapter of this paper is closely related to the reality of China. First of all, the author analyzes the concrete manifestation of the destructive influence of neoliberalism on our country in recent years (the influence of theory and practice). On the basis of revealing the inner essence of neoliberalism, the author puts forward the correct attitude which should be adopted by the domestic theorists, and finally, the author puts forward his own understanding on whether the reform of state-owned enterprises can be guided by Coase's property right theory.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：F091.3

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