雇佣劳动的异化本质及其扬弃

发布时间：2018-06-27 19:42

  本文选题：雇佣劳动 + 马克思雇佣劳动理论　； 参考：《曲阜师范大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：本文考查了马克思留下的雇佣劳动的异化难题,梳理了中国共产党在推进马克思雇佣劳动理论中国化的进程中对这个理论难题的认识、思考和解决实践。在此基础上分析雇佣劳动在我国存在的经济社会条件,吸取其他社会主义国家解决这个难题的经验,并试着探索最终解决这个难题的路径,以期为雇佣劳动异化难题的最终解决提供思路。马克思雇佣劳动理论是在对资本主义生产进行考查的基础上所做的理论研究成果,雇佣劳动理论研究了雇佣劳动的产生、存在条件、劳动过程、雇佣劳动的实质,揭示了雇佣劳动的异化本质,并在这一研究基础上对雇佣劳动的终结做了理论预设。雇佣劳动产生和消亡的条件在资本主义内部,也就是说只有资本主义生产资料私有制度不存在,资本主义社会被自由人联合体所代替,雇佣劳动才会消失,而在未来社会中的劳动将是自由的、联合劳动。但是,通过什么样的途径实现自由人联合体社会中的自由、联合劳动,马克思并没有留下详细论述,他仅指出资本主义的自我扬弃要等到它的生产关系所能容纳的全部生产力发挥出来,即资本主义生产力的充分发展。只要资本主义私有制度存在,资本追求价值增殖的目的就不会改变,雇佣工人的剩余劳动就不会停止,资本家对工人的剥削就不会结束,工人与劳动、产品的对立就不会消失,雇佣劳动的异化本质就无法得到消解。这就是马克思留给全世界无产阶级的理论难题。克服雇佣劳动的异化难题在“全世界无产者联合起来”之后,成为各国无产阶级及其政党努力的目标。只有彻底解决这个难题,才能够实现劳动的解放,实现每一个人的全面自由发展。必须承认,在我国社会主义初级阶段,由于多种所有制经济的存在,雇佣劳动这种劳动形式不能够避免,劳动者的劳动还不是马克思共产主义理想下的真正自由的劳动。虽然我国的社会制度、经济发展背景与马克思所描述的“雇佣劳动”存在的背景完全不同,我国的“雇佣者”和“被雇佣者”之间存在利益和目标的一致性,他们之间并不是尖锐的对立,但是由于我国现阶段生产力不够发达的现实,雇佣劳动的异化性质仍然没有彻底消除,社会发展中出现的“异化现象”也偶尔存在。因此,承认雇佣劳动的异化性质,研究社会主义初级阶段的“雇佣劳动”是对中国共产党推进马克思雇佣劳动理论中国化的积极肯定,是对党发展社会主义市场经济这一伟大思想的肯定,是对消除“劳动差异”、实现“共同富裕”目标的探索。中国共产党自成立起就致力于消灭剥削和压迫,在推进马克思主义中国化的进程中对马克思雇佣劳动理论作了广泛的传播和深入研究,力图解决雇佣劳动的异化难题,实现社会主义向共产主义的过渡。党解决雇佣劳动异化难题的过程也是逐步推进马克思雇佣劳动理论中国化的过程。由于党在各个历史时期的任务和奋斗目标不同,对“雇佣劳动”的认识也呈现出不同内容,使马克思雇佣劳动的中国化呈现出实践性和本土化特征。中国共产党推进马克思雇佣劳动理论的中国化进程还表现出创新性,即在社会主义公有制基础上允许非公有制经济中雇佣劳动的合理发展。这个伟大尝试是中国共产党在坚持马克思关于“大力发展生产力,实现资本主义制度的自我扬弃”思想基础上,对雇佣劳动合理性进行的利用。中国共产党认为,要彻底解决雇佣劳动的异化难题,首要的和根本的任务是解放和发展生产力,促进中国特色社会主义经济建设,因而,一切有利于生产力发展的条件都可以合理利用,包括学习资本主义的科学技术和管理方法。马克思留下的雇佣劳动异化难题不仅是理论难题,更是现实难题。在解决这个难题的过程中,必须要坚持马克思主义,保持马克思主义在意识形态领域的主流地位;必须将马克思雇佣劳动理论与中国的经济社会实际发展相联系,防止对马克思主义的僵化认识和运用。今天,马克思的雇佣劳动理论中国化的历史进程仍然在持续推进,仍然需要我们依据中国国情和时代特点科学地、发展地、实践地对待马克思的雇佣劳动理论,将马克思的具体论述与中国经济社会发展的实际紧密结合起来,一方面使马克思的雇佣劳动理论在中国特色社会主义事业中继续发挥其指导作用,另一方面又运用中国特色社会主义实践的新颖经验来创新其观点、丰富其内涵,从而不断地推进马克思主义中国化事业。
[Abstract]:This paper examines the dissimilation problem of Marx's employment labor, combing the understanding, thinking and solving practice of the Communist Party of China in the process of promoting Marx's employment theory in China. On this basis, it analyses the economic conditions of the employment labor in our country and absorbs the solution of other socialist countries. The experience of this difficult problem is determined and the path to solve the problem is explored in order to provide a way of thinking for the final solution of the difficult problem of employment alienation. Marx's employment theory is the theoretical research on the basis of the examination of the production of capitalism. The employment labor theory has been used to study the production of employment and the existence of the existence of the labor theory. The essence of the labor process and the employment labor reveals the alienation nature of the employment labor, and makes a theoretical presupposition on the termination of the employment labor on the basis of this study. The conditions for the emergence and extinction of the employment labor are in the capitalist interior, that is, only the private system of capitalist production and capital is not present, and the capitalist society is free. When the union is replaced, the labor will disappear, and the labor in the future society will be free and joint labor. But, in what way the freedom and joint labor of the freelant union society can be realized, Marx does not leave a detailed discussion. He only points out that the self abandonment of capitalism will be able to wait for its productive relations. The full development of the full productive forces, that is, the full development of the capitalist productive forces. As long as the capitalist private system exists, the purpose of the capital pursuit of value multiplication will not be changed, the surplus labor employed by the workers will not cease, the exploitation of the workers will not be tied up, the opposition between the workers and the labor, the product will not disappear, and the employment will not disappear. The alienation nature of domestic labor can not be eliminated. This is the theoretical problem that Marx left to the proletariat all over the world. The problem of overcoming the alienation of employment is the goal of the efforts of the proletariat and its political parties after the "all the world proletariat unite". Only by thoroughly solving this problem can the liberation of labor be realized. In order to realize the all-round and free development of each person, it must be acknowledged that in the primary stage of socialism in our country, because of the existence of multi ownership economy, the labor form of employment can not be avoided, the labor of labourers is not the real free labor under the ideal of Marx communism. Although the social system and economic development background of our country are in the background of economic development It is completely different from the background of the existence of "employment labor" described by Marx. There is consistency between the interests and goals between the "employer" and the "employed person" in our country. They are not sharp antagonism between them. However, the alienation nature of the employment labor is still not completely eliminated because of the reality that the productive forces are not developed at the present stage of our country. In addition, the alienation phenomenon appeared occasionally in social development. Therefore, the recognition of the alienation nature of the employment labor and the study of the "employment labor" in the primary stage of socialism are positive affirmation of the Chinese Communist Party's promotion of Marx's employment theory in China, and the affirmation of the great thought of the party's development of the socialist market economy. It is the exploration of eliminating the "labor difference" and realizing the goal of "common prosperity". Since the founding of the Communist Party of China, the Communist Party of China has been committed to eliminating exploitation and oppression. In the process of promoting the Sinicization of Marx, the theory of Marx's employment is widely spread and deeply studied in order to solve the dissimilation problem of employment and realize the society. The party's transition to communism. The party's process of solving the difficult problem of employment labor alienation is also the process of promoting the Chinese employment theory of Marx's employment. Because of the different tasks and goals of the party in various historical periods, the understanding of "employment labor" also presents different contents, which makes the Chinese employment of Marx's employment appear. The Chinese Communist Party's promotion of Marx's theory of employment is also innovative, that is, to allow the rational development of employment in the non public economy on the basis of socialist public ownership. This great attempt is the Communist Party of China adhering to Marx's "vigorously developing the productive forces and realizing it." On the basis of the self abandonment of the capitalist system and the use of the rationality of employment labor, the Communist Party of China believes that the primary and fundamental task is to liberate and develop the productive forces and promote the construction of the socialist economy with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, everything is conducive to the development of productive forces. The problem of Marx's employment alienation is not only a theoretical problem but also a practical problem. In the process of solving this problem, it is necessary to adhere to Marx doctrine and maintain the mainstream position of Marx's principle in the field of ideology; it must be a horse. Kyth's employment theory is connected with the actual economic and social development of China to prevent the rigid understanding and application of Marx doctrine. Today, the historical process of the Chinese employment theory of Marx still continues to advance, and we still need us to treat Marx scientifically and practically according to the national conditions and the characteristics of the times. The theory of employment labor combines Marx's concrete exposition with the reality of China's economic and social development. On the one hand, it makes Marx's employment labor theory continue to play its guiding role in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. On the other hand, it uses the new experience of Chinese characteristic socialistic practice to innovate his views. Enrich its connotation and constantly promote the cause of Sinicization of Marx doctrine.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F091.91
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本文编号：2075073