“规则”的分析与建构：制度的社会网络基础

发布时间：2018-07-05 03:46

本文选题：规则塑造 + 秩序扩展　；参考：《武汉理工大学》2003年博士论文

【摘要】： 规则的塑造(formation)、效能和演化，秩序的维护、重塑(reshaping)和扩展以及社会网络的描述、整合(reassemble)和作用(ensembles)既是重大的理论前沿，亦是全球一体化进程中，，各国政府和人民——尤其是处于“体制转型”中的国家和人民——共同面临的巨大的历史性挑战。目前，有关这方面的研究大多采取“简约主义”(reductionism)的方法，即基于主流理论的框架、用线性化的模式、在既定的规则和秩序的架构中，研究规则博弈和秩序变化。因而很难反映规则塑造和秩序扩展的实际的复杂过程和生动的(lively)而非条文式(clausal)的特点。本文从元规则(meta-rule)出发，应用跨学科的方法，对规则的形成、变化、作用和秩序的重塑、扩展及其社会环境，结合有关实例和案例作了较深入、系统的研究，提出了一些新的概念、观点和方法。一确定了基于元规则和从社会网络的角度描述和分析规则形成及秩序扩展的跨学科的研究路线，而非流行的、一涉及规则、秩序、制度就要把它们与经济活动、经济行为相联系，并进行分析、探讨的做法。认为现代社会既是组织化的时代，也是多元社会组织体系之间形成网络互动的时代，人们不能靠了解个体的动机和行为就能理解规则的生发机制和过程。网络是变个体行动为总体型态的因果连结的关键媒介。所以，应对规则进行社会性分析。二以立宪意义的规则型构为基点，阐述了演化理性、建构理性和多中心理论等，在现代社会的规则型构和秩序安排的不同层面上，都有其不可替代的指导作用；并以“体制转型”的复杂性和网络化特征为例，剖析了“对于”认识模式，即“非此即彼”、“抑此扬彼”式地观察事物、解决问题之方法的局限性。三分析了网络社会和信息空间环境中，规则认同及交易规则的动态化、交互性和复杂性，指出现代社会存在网络相变现象，即自由竞争环境下追求个别交易的最佳效率，不如合作关系下的限制竞争来得更有效率。它再次证明了 “整体大于局部之和”这个古老的格言。如此，“公民社会”与政府便成为社会发展和进步中不可缺少和不可替代的角色。四探讨了在网络化的社会环境中，能够给人们带来自由、财富、幸福与安宁的规则塑造和秩序扩展的有效途径就是营造良好的超文本式的组织学习环境，即“小生境”(niche)的“自生自发”与组织的赋权和强制功能有机结合。社会发展的进程表明：规则的强制功能是历史“自生”出来推动社会进步的一种动力。
[Abstract]:The modeling of (formation), efficiency and evolution of rules, the maintenance of order, the remolding of (reshaping) and expansion, the description of social networks, the integration of (reassemble) and the role of (ensembles) are not only important theoretical frontiers, but also in the process of global integration. The enormous and historic challenges faced by governments and peoples, especially those in the process of institutional transformation. At present, most of the researches in this field adopt the method of "minimalism" (reductionism), that is, based on the framework of mainstream theory, using the linearized model, in the framework of established rules and order, the game of rules and the change of order are studied. Therefore, it is difficult to reflect the actual complex process of rule shaping and order expansion and the characteristics of vivid (lively) rather than text (clausal). Based on the meta-rules (meta-rule), this paper makes a deep and systematic study on the formation, change, role and order of the rules and their social environment by using the interdisciplinary method, combining with the relevant examples and cases. Some new concepts, viewpoints and methods are put forward. Once the interdisciplinary research route that describes and analyzes the formation of rules and the extension of order based on meta-rules and from the perspective of social networks is defined, rather than popular, when it comes to rules and order, institutions should associate them with economic activities, Economic behavior is linked and analyzed to explore the approach. It is considered that modern society is not only an era of systematization, but also an era of network interaction between multiple social organizational systems. People can not understand the mechanism and process of rules by understanding individual motivation and behavior. The network is the key medium for changing individual action into a causal link of the overall pattern. Therefore, the rules should be social analysis. Secondly, based on the rule structure of constitutionalism, this paper expounds the evolutionary rationality, the construction of rationality and the polycentric theory, which can not be replaced in different aspects of the rule-type structure and order arrangement in modern society; Taking the complexity of "system transformation" and the characteristics of network as an example, this paper analyzes the limitation of the "understanding mode", that is, "either one or the other", "restraining this and promoting the other" to observe things and solve the problem. Thirdly, this paper analyzes the dynamic, interactive and complexity of rules identification and transaction rules in the network society and information space environment, and points out that the phenomenon of network transformation exists in modern society, that is, pursuing the best efficiency of individual transaction in the environment of free competition. Less efficient than limited competition in a partnership. It once again proves the old maxim that "the whole is greater than the sum of the parts." Thus, civil society and government become indispensable and irreplaceable roles in social development and progress. The fourth part discusses that in the networked social environment, the effective way to create and expand the rules of freedom, wealth, happiness and tranquility for people is to create a good hypertext organizational learning environment. That is, the "spontaneous" of (niche) is combined with the empowerment and compulsive function of the organization. The process of social development shows that the compulsory function of rules is a driving force for history to promote social progress.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：F091

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