马克思消费异化思想研究

发布时间：2018-07-27 21:07

【摘要】：众所周知,马克思的异化劳动理论已经得到了学者们比较广泛的探讨,但马克思的消费异化思想并未得到足够的重视。由于马克思生活的时代是生产处于绝对支配地位的资本主义自由竞争阶段,消费只是作为生产的一个环节而存在,所以,马克思对于消费的论述总是与生产联系在一起,他并没有专门地研究资本主义社会的消费问题。实际上,本人通过研读马克思的经典著作发现,马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》与《资本论》及其经济学手稿中都对以雇佣劳动为基础的资本主义社会的消费异化进行了剖析。马克思指出,资本主义的消费已经不再局限于满足人自身的需要,而是屈从于资本增殖和积累。资本主义的消费实质上就是一种异化的消费。本论文从马克思的文本出发,深入地探讨了马克思的消费异化思想,并致力于挖掘马克思消费异化思想的当代价值。具体来说,本论文主要涵盖以下四个部分。第一章,绪论。主要阐述论文的研究背景与意义,总结马克思消费异化思想的国内外相关研究,理清本文的研究思路,确定本文的研究方法以及概括本文的创新点与不足之处。第二章,马克思消费异化思想产生的背景。主要从现实背景与理论背景两个方面对马克思消费异化思想产生的背景展开论述。马克思的消费异化思想是马克思在借鉴前人相关思想、理论的基础上对资本主义社会现实存在进行思考和探索的产物。第三章,马克思消费异化思想的主要内容。依次阐述资本主义社会消费异化的具体表现、原因构成和破解途径。马克思指出,在资本逻辑的抽象统治下,资本主义社会中工人的消费、资本家的消费甚至全世界的消费都为资本获取剩余价值服务。因而只有消灭资本主义私有制,建立共产主义,资本主义的消费才能彻底克服异化的性质。第四章,马克思消费异化思想的当代价值。主要从两个方面揭示马克思消费异化思想的当代价值。其一,为西方马克思主义消费异化理论提供话语来源;其二,为我国社会主义市场经济建设提供重要启示。尽管现在的资本主义社会已经不再处于资本主义自由竞争阶段,然而它在本质上并没有发生根本的变化。资本主义社会实行的依然是建立在雇佣劳动基础上的生产方式,资本无限追求剩余价值的本性依旧不变。这也正是以阿多尔诺和弗洛姆为代表的西方马克思主义者继承发展马克思消费异化思想的原因所在。此外,它也为我国在建设充满活力的社会主义市场经济过程中摆脱消费异化的困境提供了重要的启示。毋庸置疑,马克思的消费异化思想在当代仍然具有重要的意义和价值。
[Abstract]:As we all know, Marx's theory of alienated labor has been extensively discussed by scholars, but Marx's thought of alienation of consumption has not been paid enough attention to. Since Marx lived in a stage of free capitalist competition in which production was in an absolute dominant position and consumption existed only as a link in production, Marx's discourse on consumption was always linked to production. He did not specifically study the consumption of capitalist society. In fact, by studying Marx's classical works, I find that Marx has analyzed the alienation of consumption in capitalist society based on wage labor in his manuscripts of Economics and philosophy in 1844 and Capital and his economic manuscripts. Marx pointed out that capitalist consumption is no longer confined to meet the needs of human beings, but succumbed to capital proliferation and accumulation. The consumption of capitalism is in essence a kind of dissimilated consumption. Starting from Marx's text, this paper probes deeply into Marx's thought of consumption alienation, and devotes itself to excavating the contemporary value of Marx's thought of consumption alienation. Specifically, this paper mainly covers the following four parts. Chapter one, introduction. This paper mainly expounds the research background and significance of the thesis, summarizes the domestic and foreign research of Marx's consumption alienation, clarifies the research ideas of this paper, determines the research methods of this paper, and summarizes the innovation points and shortcomings of this paper. The second chapter, the background of Marx's consumption alienation thought. This paper mainly discusses the background of Marx's thought of consumption alienation from two aspects: realistic background and theoretical background. Marx's consumption alienation thought is the product of Marx's reflection and exploration on the existence of capitalist society on the basis of his previous relevant thoughts and theories. The third chapter, the main content of Marx's consumption alienation thought. Elaborate the concrete performance of capitalist society consumption dissimilation in turn, cause composition and crack way. Marx pointed out that under the abstract rule of capital logic, the consumption of workers, the consumption of capitalists and even the consumption of the whole world serve the capital to obtain surplus value in capitalist society. Therefore, only the elimination of capitalist private ownership, the establishment of communism, capitalist consumption can completely overcome the nature of alienation. The fourth chapter, the contemporary value of Marx's consumption alienation thought. It mainly reveals the contemporary value of Marx's consumption alienation from two aspects. First, it provides the discourse source for the western Marxist consumption alienation theory; secondly, it provides important enlightenment for the socialist market economy construction of our country. Although the capitalist society is no longer in the stage of capitalist free competition, it has not fundamentally changed in essence. Capitalist society still implements the mode of production based on wage labor, and the nature of unlimited pursuit of surplus value of capital remains unchanged. This is precisely the reason why Western Marxists, represented by Adorno and Fromm, inherit and develop Marx's consumption alienation. In addition, it also provides important enlightenment for our country to get rid of the dilemma of consumption alienation in the process of building a vigorous socialist market economy. Undoubtedly, Marx's consumption alienation thought still has the important significance and the value in the present age.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F014.5;F091.91

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