公共投资经济作用分析

发布时间：2018-07-29 15:50

【摘要】： 公共投资是政府调节经济的主要工具之一。经济学家们对公共投资政策在经济中的作用持不同的看法。本文运用现代经济理论，结合国内外的公共投资实践，对公共投资的经济作用进行全面、深入的分析。论文首先分析说明了凯恩斯和新古典综合派对于公共投资的不同看法及其原因。凯恩斯与新古典综合派以乘数理论为依据，对公共支出政策作出了不同的选择，凯恩斯强调资本积累的重要性并重视公共投资，新古典综合派则相反。他们都没有为自己的选择找到充分的理论依据，这是由于投资乘数理论及其扩展形式—财政政策乘数理论模型在分析经济问题时有其局限性。乘数理论主要从总需求的角度分析财政政策的作用，因此，依据乘数模型对公共支出政策中的公共投资政策和消费性公共支出政策进行比较和选择，，是困难的。接着笔者循着凯恩斯强调资本形成的思路，简要回顾了经济增长理论对于资本投资的重要性、资本投资内容认识的演变过程。并运用现代经济分析方法，从理论和实证两个角度分析公共投资在社会总资本积累过程中的作用。指出公共资本和私人资本之间可能存在互补关系，社会总资本积累是通过公共资本和私人资本的交替上升过程来进行的。公共投资和私人投资分别在不同的时期成为推动社会总资本积累、促进经济增长的主要工具。笔者运用最新的经济理论说明具有生产性的公共开支即公共投资包括：政府基础设施投资；教育方面的投资：研究与发展投资，并将公共投资置于总供给—总需求模型中分析公共投资的经济作用，分别说明了公共投资政策在调节总需求方面和总供给方面的作用。论文重点分析了政府的基础设施投资、教育投资和研究与发展投资在促进经济资源条件变化，提高经济的潜在产出水平方面的作用。公共投资对产出水平的最终影响，是通过推动总需求曲线和总供给曲线的右移形成的共同结果，由于总供给曲线的右移是逐步进行的，公共投资的乘数效应时间跨度将比较长。中西国家的公共投资实践说明，公共投资对总需求可以进行双向调节，同时公共投资将提高经济供给水平，公共投资对经济的促进作用是长期的。我们要用长远的眼光来考察中国公共投资对经济增长的促进作用。中国目前用于形成物质资本、人力资本和研究与发展的公共投资水平都是低的。中国必须通过增加公共投资来促进经济增长，尤其必须注意增加政府的教育投资和研究与发展投资。
[Abstract]:Public investment is one of the main tools for the government to regulate the economy. Economists have different views on the role of public investment policy in the economy. This paper makes a thorough and thorough analysis of the economic role of public investment in the light of modern economic theory and the practice of public investment at home and abroad.
The paper first analyzes and explains the different views and reasons of Keynes and the neo classical comprehensive school on public investment. Keynes and the neo classical comprehensive school, based on the multiplier theory, make different choices for the public expenditure policy. Keynes emphasizes the importance of capital accumulation and emphasizes public investment, and the new classical comprehensive school is the opposite. There is no sufficient theoretical basis for their choice. This is due to the limitation of the theory of the multiplier of investment multiplier theory and its extended form of the multiplier theory in the analysis of economic problems. The multiplier theory mainly analyzes the role of fiscal policy from the perspective of the total demand. Therefore, the public expenditure policy is based on the multiplier model. It is difficult to compare and choose a total investment policy and a consumption public expenditure policy.
Then the author, following Keynes's emphasis on the idea of capital formation, briefly reviews the importance of economic growth theory to capital investment and the evolution of the knowledge of capital investment, and uses modern economic analysis methods to analyze the role of public investment in the process of aggregate capital accumulation in the society from two angles of theory and demonstration. There may be a complementary relationship between the capital and the private capital. The accumulation of total social capital is carried out through the process of alternately rising between public and private capital. Public and private investment are the main tools to promote the accumulation of total social capital and promote economic growth in different periods.
The author uses the latest economic theory to show that public investment is productive, namely public investment, including public investment, investment in government infrastructure, investment in education, investment in research and development, and the analysis of the economic role of public investment in the total supply demand model. The role of demand and total supply. The paper focuses on the role of government investment in infrastructure, education investment and research and development investment in promoting the change of economic resource conditions and improving the potential output level of the economy. The final effect of public investment on the output level is through the promotion of the total demand curve and the total supply curve. The common result of the rightward shift is due to the gradual shift in the right direction of the aggregate supply curve, and the multiplier effect of public investment will be longer.
The practice of public investment in China and Western countries shows that public investment can make two-way adjustment to the total demand, while public investment will improve the level of economic supply, and the promotion of public investment to the economy is long-term.
A long-term view of the role of public investment in China's economic growth.
The level of public investment in capital, human capital and research and development is low.
In order to promote economic growth, we must pay special attention to increasing government investment in education and research and development.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：F062.6

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