有效需求、货币利息率与凯恩斯革命——纪念《就业、利息与货币通论》出版八十周年

发布时间：2018-08-15 18:49

【摘要】：凯恩斯革命无疑是20世纪经济科学中的大事,但由于《就业、利息与货币通论》的高度争论性和晦涩难懂,关于凯恩斯对经济学的具体贡献一直存在着争议。凯恩斯认为作为传统就业理论的劳动供给理论、萨伊定律和利率理论均建立在特殊假设前提之上,这使得传统经济学成为分析特定经济状态的特殊经济学。凯恩斯提出了有效需求原理作为一种新的就业理论和一般性的经济分析框架。其中,企业家对未来市场需求的预期、生产成本条件和企业家之间的竞争决定了均衡就业水平。同时,货币的特殊性质使得货币利息率维持在较高水平,阻碍了投资增长,造成有效需求不足,使得经济停滞在非充分就业的均衡。因此,凯恩斯的有效需求原理是以建立在货币特殊性质基础上的利息率理论为中心环节的一般性的就业理论。但《就业、利息与货币通论》之后的宏观经济学并没有沿着有效需求原理的逻辑发展,凯恩斯革命被逆转了。
[Abstract]:The Keynesian Revolution was undoubtedly a major event in economic science in the 20th century, but due to the highly controversial and obscure nature of the General Theory of Employment, interest and money, there has always been controversy about Keynes's specific contribution to economics. Keynes thought that as the labor supply theory of the traditional employment theory, the Say's law and the interest rate theory were both based on the special hypothesis, which made the traditional economics become the special economics to analyze the specific economic state. Keynes put forward the effective demand principle as a new employment theory and a general economic analysis framework. Among them, the expectation of the future market demand, the production cost condition and the competition among the entrepreneurs determine the equilibrium employment level. At the same time, the special nature of money keeps the interest rate of money at a high level, hinders the growth of investment, causes insufficient effective demand, and makes the economy stagnate in the equilibrium of underemployment. Therefore, Keynes' effective demand principle is a general employment theory based on the interest rate theory based on the special nature of currency. But macroeconomics after the General Theory of Employment, interest and money did not follow the logic of the principle of effective demand, and the Keynesian Revolution was reversed.
【作者单位】：东北财经大学经济学院;
【基金】：东北财经大学校级科研项目(青年培育项目)“西方各学派货币理论新进展追踪评述”(DUFE2015Q07)
【分类号】：F091.348

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