可持续发展的行为分析与制度安排

发布时间：2018-08-19 09:30

【摘要】：可持续发展是当今经济社会发展的重要命题，无论是发达国家还是发展中国家，都面临着可持续发展的现实任务和严峻压力。随着经济的快速增长，特别是工业化进程的不断加快，人口、资源、环境与经济发展的不一致性越发凸显，甚至已成为影响经济持续发展的重要因素。经济理论界对可持续发展问题也给予了从未有过的关注，纷纷提出各自看法和对策。随着可持续发展研究的深入，，制度安排对可持续发展的作用逐渐得到重视，认为可持续发展面临的最大的障碍在于有效激励制度供给的不足。与此同时，基于人类行为的分析在可持续发展研究中的地位也越来越突出，个人行为、社会行为以及个体之间的利益冲突，导致了可持续发展的困境。所以，本文选择《可持续发展的行为分析与制度安排》作为研究主题，无疑具有一定的现实意义和理论价值。本文以可持续发展的本质与实现途径为研究对象，力图将经济学的行为分析、制度理论与可持续发展纳入到一个统一框架，在“经济人”的基本理论假设下，通过分析个人行为与社会行为的可持续性含意，论述制度安排与可持续发展之间的关系，从新的视角剖析人类可持续发展这一重大课题，尝试得出具有现实意义的结论。本文首先通过可持续发展的人格化分析，重新诠释了可持续发展的基本内涵。可持续发展是人类历史发展到一定阶段的必然产物，也是人类发展的最高境界。从根本上说，可持续发展是人的可持续发展，是以人的利益取向为目的的发展形态。可持续发展表现为人的发展，是以人为目的的发展；可持续发展战略的确立必须以人的价值观念更新为核心，可持续发展目标的实现必须以人的活动方式转型为关键。因此，可持续发展必然表现为以人为本的发展现。它认为发展的基本目的在于提高人的福利水平，实现的途径也在于人的经济行为，是个人追求利益最大化的结果。实际中应该力求避免“发展的异化”，发展目标的确立必须考虑到最广大人群的需求。而可持续发展的人格化内涵，使得我们可以借用生产的概念来进一步探讨可持续发展目标的实现。文中引入“可持续产品”概念，从可持续产品的生产、交换、价值的实现等方面，分析人们如何通过可持续产品的生产来实现经济社会的可持续发展。它要求突破传统的商品价值观念，从社会利益出发对产品进行定价。同时，要对产品生产进行有效管理与监督，制订严格的标准，尽量避免产品生产与消费过程中的资源浪费与环境污染。既然可持续发展是以人为主体的发展，必然要继续探寻发展过程中人的行为表现，而人的行为表现也必然表现为一定利益关系的产物。所以，从人的利己性这一经济学假定出发，我们发现利益分析必然是可持续发展研究的出发点，将可持续发展归结为人与人类的利益实现问题，并且是人类利益实现的最大化问题。这是本论文的一个重要结论.而可持续发展中个人利益最大化的实现，包含多元化、多样化的因素，不仅是个人的，更重要是社会的;不仅是经济物质的，还有非经济与精神的;不仅是眼前的，更有长远的，是多重利益的加总。在利益的驱动下，每个个体不仅表现出特定的个人行为，而且会体现出一定的社会性。而在社会行为的协作过程中，并不必然表现为个人利益与他人利益、社会利益的一致性，从而以利益博弃为起点的个体之间产生一定的行为冲突，从而影响可持续发展目标的实现.在实际发展过程中，这种利益冲突无处不在，既有经济利益方面的矛盾，如人们收入水平的差距等;也有社会年!J 益方面的矛盾，如教育、医疗、卫生等;更有生态环境利益方面的矛盾，从而这些矛盾导致了诸如环境污染、资源浪费、贫困等影响可持续发展的现实难题。为了最优配置、合理利用社会资源(包括经济资源、社会资源和生态资源)，必须要建立必要的利益协调机制，平衡经济系统、社会系统和生态系统内人们之间的利益关系，从而规范和引导人们的行为。因此，可持续发展的实现途径在于有效协调各类利益矛盾，制订符合人类长远利益的个人与社会行为准则，主要包括公平原则、权利与义务对等原则、互惠互利原则等。制度源于人类的利益冲突，对个人行为与社会行为进行规范.一定利益条件下的行为冲突，可以通过良好的制度安排去加以有效缓解，实现资源环境的长期高效利用。现代经济发展的现实及相关的研究逐步表明，一定知识、技术和能力的前提下，制度对可持续发展是起根本和决定作用的因素，制度障碍也是发展的最大障碍。制度并非凭空产生，而是因人的利益需要和行为规范建立起来，因此可持续发展的设计同样必须以人为核心、以人为主体，必须要遵循个人利益原则、有效限制个体行为原则、社会利益大于个人利益等原则。而可持续发展是生态发展、经济发展和社会发展的统一体，共同组成一个可持续发展系统整体.所以，为了规范和引导人的行为，在这个统一体中，就必须设计出以生态可持续性为基钾出、经济可持续性为主导、社会可持续性为根本目的的可持续发展制度安排。既要为可持续发展设计出如基本经济制度、分配制度等宏观制度框架，也要为可持续发展提供如产权制度、企业制度等微观制度基础; 既要从社会保障、政治体制
[Abstract]:Sustainable development is an important proposition in today's economic and social development. Both developed and developing countries are facing the realistic task and severe pressure of sustainable development. Economic theorists have paid more attention to sustainable development and put forward their own views and countermeasures. With the deepening of sustainable development research, the role of institutional arrangements in sustainable development has gradually been attached importance to. At the same time, the analysis based on human behavior is becoming more and more prominent in the study of sustainable development. Individual behavior, social behavior and the conflict of interests between individuals lead to the plight of sustainable development. The theme is undoubtedly of practical significance and theoretical value.
In this paper, the nature of sustainable development and the way to achieve the research object, trying to economic behavior analysis, system theory and sustainable development into a unified framework, in the "economic man" under the basic theoretical assumptions, through the analysis of the sustainability of individual behavior and social behavior, discusses the meaning of institutional arrangements and sustainable development. The relationship between them, from a new perspective to analyze the human sustainable development of this major issue, try to draw realistic conclusions.
This paper first reinterprets the basic connotation of sustainable development through the personification analysis of sustainable development.Sustainable development is the inevitable outcome of the development of human history to a certain stage and the highest realm of human development.Basically speaking,sustainable development is the sustainable development of human beings and the development for the purpose of human interests orientation. Sustainable development is manifested as human development and human-oriented development; the establishment of sustainable development strategy must be based on the renewal of human values, and the realization of sustainable development goals must be based on the transformation of human activities. The basic purpose is to improve the level of people's welfare, and the way to achieve it is also the economic behavior of people, which is the result of the pursuit of maximization of individual interests.In practice, we should strive to avoid "alienation of development", and the establishment of development goals must take into account the needs of the vast number of people. The concept of "sustainable product" is introduced in this paper to analyze how people can realize the sustainable development of economy and society through the production of sustainable products from the aspects of production, exchange and value realization. At the same time, we should effectively manage and supervise the production of products, formulate strict standards, and try our best to avoid waste of resources and environmental pollution in the process of production and consumption.
Since sustainable development is a human oriented development, it is necessary to continue to explore the human behavior table in the development process.
Now, people's behavior must also be the product of certain interests. Therefore, from the human nature of self-interest.
Based on the economic hypothesis, we find that benefit analysis is the starting point of sustainable development research, and the sustainable development should be attributed to it.
This is the first part of this thesis.
The realization of the maximization of individual interests in sustainable development includes diversification and diversification.
Not only individual, but also social; not only economic material, but also non-economic and spiritual; not only
What's more immediate and far-reaching is the sum of multiple benefits. Driven by the benefits, each individual is not only unique.
It is not necessarily in the process of social cooperation.
Individuals whose interests are consistent with those of others and society, and whose starting point is to gain and discard interests
In the actual development process, this kind of benefit
Conflicts of interest are ubiquitous, ranging from contradictions in economic interests, such as the gap in people's income levels, to social years!
Contradictions in terms of benefits, such as education, medical care, hygiene, and so on; contradictions in terms of ecological and environmental benefits, and thus these spears
Shield has led to practical problems affecting sustainable development, such as environmental pollution, waste of resources, poverty and so on.
It is necessary to set up the necessary social resources (including economic resources, social resources and ecological resources) for rational utilization.
Interest Coordination Mechanisms, Balance the Interest Relations among People in the Economic, Social and Ecosystem
Therefore, the way to realize sustainable development lies in effectively coordinating all kinds of contradictions of interests.
Establishment of personal and social codes of conduct in line with the long-term interests of mankind, mainly including the principle of fairness, the reciprocity of rights and obligations
The principle of reciprocity and mutual benefit.
Institutions derive from the conflict of human interests and regulate individual and social behavior.
Behavioral conflicts can be effectively alleviated through good institutional arrangements to achieve long-term and efficient use of resources and environment.
The reality of modern economic development and related studies have gradually shown that institutions are based on certain knowledge, technology and capabilities.
Institutional obstacles are also the biggest obstacles to sustainable development. Institutions are not
Designs for sustainable development are also necessary because they are created out of thin air, but because of the needs of human interests and norms of conduct.
We must take people as the core and people as the main body. We must abide by the principle of individual interests and effectively restrict individual behavior.
Sustainable development is the unity of ecological development, economic development and social development.
The body, together, forms a whole sustainable development system. So, in order to regulate and guide people's behavior, in this system.
As a whole, we must design ecological sustainability as the basis, economic sustainability as the dominant, and social sustainability.
Institutional arrangements for sustainable development for fundamental purposes. Designing such basic economic systems and distributions for sustainable development
The macro institutional framework, such as institution, should also provide the micro institutional basis for sustainable development, such as property right system and enterprise system.
From social security and political system
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F061.3

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