超额利润、价值总量与一般利润率

发布时间：2018-10-05 10:01

【摘要】：商品的社会价值可以通过平均价值、最高个别价值、最低个别价值和垄断价格形成。以最高个别价值(或个别生产价格)形成社会价值(或社会生产价格),就会产生"虚假的社会价值"。超额利润是超过成本价格的"虚假的社会价值",是经济发展中的普遍现象。超额利润的存在使社会的价值总量发生膨胀,以不等价交换或直接向消费者获取的社会过程无偿占有一部分社会财富,并导致一般利润率呈波浪式下降。超额利润的产生、增大、衰减、消失对应于经济运行中复苏、繁荣、衰退、萧条四个阶段,可用"超额利润周期"测度重大创新引致的经济长波。超额利润的产生和消失表现为从非均衡到均衡的动态经济过程,马克思的"虚假的社会价值"范畴可发展成一般化的理论模型,用来刻画这种经济过程。
[Abstract]:The social value of commodity can be formed by the average value, the highest individual value, the lowest individual value and the monopoly price. Forming social value (or social production price) with the highest individual value (or individual production price) will produce "false social value". Excess profit is the "false social value" which exceeds the cost price and is a common phenomenon in economic development. The existence of excess profits inflates the total value of the society and occupies a part of social wealth free of charge in the social process which is not equal to or directly obtained from consumers and results in a wave decline in the general profit rate. The generation, increase, attenuation and disappearance of excess profit correspond to the four stages of recovery, prosperity, recession and depression in economic operation. The "excess profit cycle" can be used to measure the economic long wave caused by major innovation. The emergence and disappearance of excess profit is a dynamic economic process from disequilibrium to equilibrium. Marx's category of "false social value" can be developed into a generalized theoretical model to describe this economic process.
【作者单位】：西南财经大学《经济学家》编辑部;
【基金】：西南财经大学全国中国特色社会主义政治经济学研究中心项目“中国经济‘脱虚向实’的推动机制研究”(2017) 中央高校基本科研业务费年度培育项目“企业家、知识创新与经济发展”(JBK160943)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：F014

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