关于财富差异对自发合作供给影响的考察
发布时间：2018-12-19 14:58
【摘要】：公共物品问题主要是由于公共物品的外部性引起的。按照理性选择理论，在公共物品供给中，个体容易出现搭便车行为。但是存在着成功治理的公有资源社区，且个体在供给公共物品时存在很多的合作的行为。对此，存在着一些解释，比如个体出错，将个体的合作行为看成是个体在非理性下的错误行为，还有一种解释是个体存在着利他主义倾向。事实上，在集体行动中，个体的行为受到很多因素的影响，其中，个体的差异性是个重要的影响因素。个体的异质性有很多种表征，且与其他影响因素之间相互作用。异质性的研究主要通过模型和案例分析、可控试验分析进行。结论很不统一，收入水平与供给水平之间存在着模糊的关系，但大致上，完全的搭便车与完全的合作供给均不能全面地解释实际的情况。 本文试图在一般的假定的模型下讨论财富水平的异质性对个体供给行为的影响。主要的假定如下：在一定的财富约束下，个体拥有私人物品和集体物品两种生产要素且两种生产要素之间是互补的；生产函数是凹性的，边际报酬递减。 本文得到的主要结论是，在纯公共物品的情况下，分配中性是成立的；在非纯公共物品的情况下，异质性对供给的影响是双方面的，既可能降低效率，，又可能达到帕累托占优。
[Abstract]:The problem of public goods is mainly caused by the externality of public goods. According to the theory of rational choice, in the supply of public goods, individuals are easy to hitchhike. However, there is a successful governance of public resource communities, and individuals in the supply of public goods there are a lot of cooperative behavior. For this reason, there are some explanations, such as individual error, the cooperative behavior of the individual is regarded as the wrong behavior of the individual under the irrational condition, and the other explanation is that the individual has the tendency of altruism. In fact, in collective action, individual behavior is affected by many factors, among which individual difference is an important factor. Individual heterogeneity is characterized in many ways and interacts with other influencing factors. The research of heterogeneity is mainly carried out by model and case analysis and controlled test analysis. The conclusion is very inconsistent, and there is a vague relationship between income level and supply level, but generally speaking, both complete hitchhiking and complete cooperative supply can not fully explain the actual situation. This paper attempts to discuss the influence of the heterogeneity of wealth level on individual supply behavior under the general hypothetical model. The main assumptions are as follows: under certain wealth constraints, individuals own private goods and collective goods and the two factors of production complement each other; the production function is concave and the marginal returns decrease. The main conclusion of this paper is that in the case of pure public goods, distribution neutrality is true, and in the case of non-pure public goods, the influence of heterogeneity on supply is dual, which may not only reduce efficiency, but also reach Pareto dominance.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：F062.6;F224
本文编号：2387073
[Abstract]:The problem of public goods is mainly caused by the externality of public goods. According to the theory of rational choice, in the supply of public goods, individuals are easy to hitchhike. However, there is a successful governance of public resource communities, and individuals in the supply of public goods there are a lot of cooperative behavior. For this reason, there are some explanations, such as individual error, the cooperative behavior of the individual is regarded as the wrong behavior of the individual under the irrational condition, and the other explanation is that the individual has the tendency of altruism. In fact, in collective action, individual behavior is affected by many factors, among which individual difference is an important factor. Individual heterogeneity is characterized in many ways and interacts with other influencing factors. The research of heterogeneity is mainly carried out by model and case analysis and controlled test analysis. The conclusion is very inconsistent, and there is a vague relationship between income level and supply level, but generally speaking, both complete hitchhiking and complete cooperative supply can not fully explain the actual situation. This paper attempts to discuss the influence of the heterogeneity of wealth level on individual supply behavior under the general hypothetical model. The main assumptions are as follows: under certain wealth constraints, individuals own private goods and collective goods and the two factors of production complement each other; the production function is concave and the marginal returns decrease. The main conclusion of this paper is that in the case of pure public goods, distribution neutrality is true, and in the case of non-pure public goods, the influence of heterogeneity on supply is dual, which may not only reduce efficiency, but also reach Pareto dominance.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：F062.6;F224
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 胡彬;个体异质性对环境物品自愿供给的影响研究[D];中国地质大学;2007年
2 贾菁菁;共享资源使用收益对自发治理的影响[D];南京理工大学;2010年
本文编号：2387073
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