罗尔斯分配正义理论研究
发布时间：2019-02-17 19:58
【摘要】：本文从追溯罗尔斯理论的思想渊源和现实基础入手，分析了罗尔斯分配正义理论在政治哲学以及分配正义理论演变中地位，讨论了罗尔斯建构其思想体系的方法论，并在认真考察罗尔斯理论的论据和思想逻辑的基础上，在考察其他思想家对其提出的批评的基础上，，进一步分析了基本自由的优先性、差别原则的困难以及再分配的根据和限度等几个重要理论问题。 罗尔斯的理论与人类以往的思想有十分密切的联系，罗尔斯的思想更有深刻的现实生活基础。罗尔斯承继了自由主义、契约论、道义论、建构主义、理性主义、实用主义、非基础主义和非形而上学等各种思想资源，并把这些思想相互贯穿起来。同时他批判地发展了这些思想。他敏锐地把握了现实社会生活对政治哲学提出的新问题，把分配正义作为研究论说的核心，从而把政治哲学从一种致力于反专制主义(近代)、反极权主义(二十世纪)的学说推向一种致力于在自由民主宪政的框架内寻求经济和社会平等的学说。 在分配正义理论本身的发展中，罗尔斯扬弃了古代的“德性论”的分配正义观与近代的“权利论”的分配正义观，提出了纯粹程序背景正义的分配正义观，强调从每个人的自由平等的发展之需要的角度着眼，解决分配正义问题。 在罗尔斯的理论中，他指认了三种基本的思考方法：契约论、反思平衡、政治建构主义。我在第三章试图说明它们各自的含义以及它们是如何相互连接、相互支援，从而构成一种连贯的方法系列。 严密的论证是罗尔斯理论的一个特点，在反体系、反理性主义的喧嚣声中，罗尔斯用这种论证恢复了政治哲学作为一种系统的和理性的学问而存在的理念，这是他的理论具有振聋发聩作用的一个原因。本文第四章和第五章力图展现罗尔斯分配正义原则的内涵和证明的逻辑，并考察了几种对罗尔斯的有影响的诘难。 罗尔斯的理论尽管周到细致，但仍存在一些内在的困境。在基本自由优先性问题上，他过于依赖一种自由平等的公民理念，使其论证受到限制。我认为对基本自由优先性的论证可以补充以一个更加开放的、诉诸普遍经验的论证。他的差别原则忽视了互惠理念中包含的“贡献”原则，导致了一种按“公民”资格分配的观念，此为差别原则难以被人们接受的一个主要原因。最后我分析了再分配的根据和限度。再分配的根据在于，最多受益者在发展中先行排他性地占用了每个人都对之有权利的公共资源，因此他有义务在后来对没有或较少使用这种资源的人进行补偿。但是这种补偿以不对其进一步发展构成实质性损害和限制为限度。
[Abstract]:By tracing back to the ideological origin and realistic basis of Rawls' theory, this paper analyzes the position of Rawls' distributive justice theory in the evolution of political philosophy and distributive justice theory, and discusses the methodology of Rawls' construction of his ideological system. On the basis of examining the arguments and ideological logic of Rawls' theory and the criticism of other thinkers, this paper further analyzes the primacy of fundamental freedoms. The difficulty of the principle of difference and some important theoretical problems such as the basis and limit of redistribution. Rawls' theory is closely related to the past thoughts of human beings, and Rawls' thought has a profound foundation of real life. Rawls inherited all kinds of ideological resources, such as liberalism, contract theory, deontology, constructivism, rationalism, pragmatism, non-basicism and non-metaphysics, and ran these thoughts through each other. At the same time, he critically developed these ideas. He keenly grasped the new problem raised by the real society to the political philosophy, took the distributive justice as the core of the research theory, thus devoted the political philosophy from one kind to the anti-autocracy (modern). The anti-totalitarianism (20 th century) doctrine pushed to a doctrine dedicated to the pursuit of economic and social equality within the framework of liberal democratic constitutionalism. In the development of distribution justice theory itself, Rawls abandoned the distribution justice view of ancient "virtue theory" and modern "right theory", and put forward the distribution justice view of pure procedural background justice. Emphasis is placed on addressing distributive justice from the point of view of the development needs of freedom and equality for all. In Rawls' theory, he identifies three basic ways of thinking: contract theory, reflective balance, and political constructivism. In Chapter 3 I try to explain what they mean and how they connect and support each other to form a coherent series of methods. Rigorous argumentation is a characteristic of Rawls' theory. In the noise of anti-system and anti-rationalism, Rawls used this argument to restore the concept of political philosophy as a systematic and rational learning. This is one of the reasons why his theory has an eye-opener effect. The fourth and fifth chapters try to show the connotation of Rawls' distributive justice principle and the logic of proof, and investigate several kinds of influential heckling to Rawls. Rawls' theory, though thoughtful and meticulous, still has some inherent difficulties. On the priority of fundamental freedoms, he relied too much on a free and equal civil concept, which restricted his argument. I think the argument about the primacy of fundamental freedoms can be complemented by a more open argument that appeals to universal experience. His principle of difference ignores the principle of "contribution" contained in the concept of reciprocity and leads to a concept of distribution according to the qualification of "citizen", which is one of the main reasons why the principle of difference is difficult to be accepted by people. Finally, I analyzed the basis and limit of redistribution. Redistribution is based on the fact that the largest number of beneficiaries in the process of development preempt the exclusive use of public resources over which everyone is entitled, and he therefore has an obligation to compensate those who do not use such resources or who use them less. But such compensation is limited to not causing material harm and limitations to its further development.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F091.3
本文编号：2425541
[Abstract]:By tracing back to the ideological origin and realistic basis of Rawls' theory, this paper analyzes the position of Rawls' distributive justice theory in the evolution of political philosophy and distributive justice theory, and discusses the methodology of Rawls' construction of his ideological system. On the basis of examining the arguments and ideological logic of Rawls' theory and the criticism of other thinkers, this paper further analyzes the primacy of fundamental freedoms. The difficulty of the principle of difference and some important theoretical problems such as the basis and limit of redistribution. Rawls' theory is closely related to the past thoughts of human beings, and Rawls' thought has a profound foundation of real life. Rawls inherited all kinds of ideological resources, such as liberalism, contract theory, deontology, constructivism, rationalism, pragmatism, non-basicism and non-metaphysics, and ran these thoughts through each other. At the same time, he critically developed these ideas. He keenly grasped the new problem raised by the real society to the political philosophy, took the distributive justice as the core of the research theory, thus devoted the political philosophy from one kind to the anti-autocracy (modern). The anti-totalitarianism (20 th century) doctrine pushed to a doctrine dedicated to the pursuit of economic and social equality within the framework of liberal democratic constitutionalism. In the development of distribution justice theory itself, Rawls abandoned the distribution justice view of ancient "virtue theory" and modern "right theory", and put forward the distribution justice view of pure procedural background justice. Emphasis is placed on addressing distributive justice from the point of view of the development needs of freedom and equality for all. In Rawls' theory, he identifies three basic ways of thinking: contract theory, reflective balance, and political constructivism. In Chapter 3 I try to explain what they mean and how they connect and support each other to form a coherent series of methods. Rigorous argumentation is a characteristic of Rawls' theory. In the noise of anti-system and anti-rationalism, Rawls used this argument to restore the concept of political philosophy as a systematic and rational learning. This is one of the reasons why his theory has an eye-opener effect. The fourth and fifth chapters try to show the connotation of Rawls' distributive justice principle and the logic of proof, and investigate several kinds of influential heckling to Rawls. Rawls' theory, though thoughtful and meticulous, still has some inherent difficulties. On the priority of fundamental freedoms, he relied too much on a free and equal civil concept, which restricted his argument. I think the argument about the primacy of fundamental freedoms can be complemented by a more open argument that appeals to universal experience. His principle of difference ignores the principle of "contribution" contained in the concept of reciprocity and leads to a concept of distribution according to the qualification of "citizen", which is one of the main reasons why the principle of difference is difficult to be accepted by people. Finally, I analyzed the basis and limit of redistribution. Redistribution is based on the fact that the largest number of beneficiaries in the process of development preempt the exclusive use of public resources over which everyone is entitled, and he therefore has an obligation to compensate those who do not use such resources or who use them less. But such compensation is limited to not causing material harm and limitations to its further development.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F091.3
【引证文献】
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2 邓毅;宪政民主的道德基础[D];中国政法大学;2007年
3 张天上;社群主义权利观研究[D];吉林大学;2008年
4 杜凡;转型社会的公正研究[D];首都师范大学;2008年
5 黄有璋;论当代中国分配正义[D];中共中央党校;2010年
6 郭青;农民工权利问题研究[D];中南大学;2011年
7 王卫东;高等教育过程公平的社会学分析[D];华中师范大学;2012年
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1 邓丽;论罗尔斯《万民法》中的“分配正义”理念[D];浙江大学;2011年
2 李建勋;罗尔斯的权利思想及其启示[D];湖南师范大学;2006年
3 李鹏;BIMCO标准造船合同研究[D];大连海事大学;2010年
4 汪尊鑫;公平正义的两个维度及其当代价值[D];中共中央党校;2010年
5 杨大可;论中国股票市场创业板发展的公正原则[D];沈阳师范大学;2012年
本文编号：2425541
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