技术创新与技术扩散的微观经济分析
发布时间：2019-04-23 19:28
【摘要】： 对“技术进步”，“技术创新”和“技术扩散”的过程及其经济效应进行系统分析，早已成为经济学研究的一个重要领域，尤其是经济增长理论更加关注于“技术”，“知识”等因素如何对经济增长的传导机制和经济增长系统的稳定性产生影响，本学位论文在综合大量文献的基础上，侧重于技术创新与扩散问题的理论分析，并就经济增长理论中增长路径的研究方法提出一种理论设想。 全文共分四章，第一章为导言部分，1．1节首先对比了文献中对几个“技术进步”，“技术创新”，“技术扩散”，“RD”等几个基本概念的解释，找出其中的异同点，本节还介绍了文献中对技术创新的分类，1．2节概述了各个时代的经济学家对技术因素的论述，借以表明，经济学家早以关注于技术对经济与社会的影响。但是不同时代的经济理论给予技术因素的关注程度是不同的。最后在1．3节中，提出本文的研究思路。 第二章分三部分，2．1节进行技术创新的微观经济分析，主要分析了影响厂商技术创新决策的内外因素。在2．1节的最后部分建立了一个理论模型说明厂商投资于技术创新项目的最优时间路径是如何决定的。本模型基于1．3节中所提出的研究思路，也就是技术创新决定了厂商对物质资本和人力资本的投资决策，进而影响到厂商的利润最大化行为。2．2节分析了技术扩散的某些规律，定性描述了技术扩散的主要方式，探讨技术扩散中存在的不确定性因素，并分析了技术扩散的时间路径问题。本章虽未能提出度量技术创新的原则与方法，但在2．3节对度量问题做出呷些定性描述。 第三章将技术创新与扩散个体的行为研究纳入到动态最优化的框架内，同时基于厂商理论和消费者需求理论，研究技术进步“内生”的微观基础问题。作者将微观经济个体抽象为两类：厂商和家庭。自然地，本章分为两部分。3．1节首先综述了厂商理论，然后用一个模型分析了存在技术创新与扩散的情况下，为了利润最大化目标，厂商如何做出最优投资的决策。由于技术创新可以提升人力资本，影响到厂商对劳动力要素的选择，3．1节还对此问题做了简要分析。3．2节研究了消费者与技术创新的关系。作者认为，在完全竞争的情况下，消费者的需求特性对厂商产品创新的方向和进程有着不可忽视的影响，同时，厂商的技术创新所引致的产品创新与过程创新也影响到消费者的效用最大化行为，在知识经济时代，，家庭的消费决策要涉及到人力资本形成与增值，而人力资本的使用状况决定了家庭的预算收入，由此技术创新的后果之一，就是通过升值人力资本的内在要求与家庭的消费-储蓄(人力资本形成)行为联系在一起。3．2节还分析了经济中产品差异对消费者福利的影响。 第四章在研究经济增长的传导路径方面做了一番探索，分为三节。4．1节简要回顾了经济增长理论的发展过程，主要着眼于各种增长理论如何解释增长动力的作用方式。4．2节主要探讨“知识”，“RD”等因素在微观层次如何表现出经济外部性，在本节中还解释了“干中学”效应的作用机制。4．3节研究了技术创新作用于经济增长传导路径的微观机制，从技术创新的角度解释了技术进步内生性的原因，并从消费者需求与厂商投资决策两方面来说明这一过程：也就是微观层次上的技术创新与扩散如何影响到总量水平的经济增长，研究其中传导机制的存在形式和作用方式。
[Abstract]:The analysis of the process of "technical progress", "technological innovation" and "diffusion of technology" and its economic effect has long been an important field of economic research, especially the theory of economic growth is more concerned with the "technology", The "knowledge" and other factors have an impact on the conduction mechanism of economic growth and the stability of the economic growth system. On the basis of comprehensive literature, this dissertation focuses on the theoretical analysis of the problem of technology innovation and diffusion. And put forward a theoretical thinking on the research method of the growth path in the theory of economic growth. The full text is divided into four chapters, the first chapter is the introduction section, the 1.1 section first compares the explanation of several basic concepts such as "technical progress", "technological innovation", "diffusion of technology", "RD" and so on in the literature To find out the similarities and differences, this section also introduces the classification of technology innovation in the literature. Section 1.2 provides an overview of the discussion of the technical factors by the economists in various times, so as to show that the economist is concerned with the technology The economic and social impact, but the economic theory of different times gives the technical factors The degree of attention is different. Finally, in section 1.3, This paper puts forward the research thought of this paper. The second chapter is divided into three parts: the microeconomic analysis of technology innovation, and the main part The internal and external factors that influence the technological innovation decision of the Chinese manufacturers are analyzed. A theoretical model is set up in the last part of Section 2.1. The optimal time path of the technology innovation project is determined. The model is based on the research idea proposed in Section 1.3, and that is, the technology innovation determines the investment decision of the manufacturer for the material capital and human capital, so as to influence the profit maximization of the manufacturer. Section 2.2 analyzes the technology diffusion. Some laws and rules describe the main way of the technology diffusion, and discuss the uncertainty existing in the technology diffusion. In this chapter, the principle and method of measuring technological innovation are not put forward in this chapter. In the third chapter, the behavioral research of the technology innovation and the diffusion individual is included in the dynamic optimization framework, and the technical progress is studied based on the theory of the manufacturer and the consumer demand. nk>"endogenetic". The author abstracts the micro-economic individual into two categories: the manufacturer and the family. Naturally, this chapter is divided into two parts. In section 3.1, the manufacturer's theory is first reviewed, and then a model is used to analyze the existing technology innovation and expansion. In the case of dispersion, in order to maximize the profit, the manufacturer can make the optimal investment decision. Since the technology innovation can improve the human capital and affect the selection of the labor force by the manufacturer, the Section 3.1 also This paper makes a brief analysis on this problem. The relationship between the consumer and the technology innovation is studied in section 3.2. The author holds that, in the case of full competition, the demand characteristics of the consumer have an unnegligible influence on the direction and the process of the manufacturer's product innovation, and at the same time, the technology of the manufacturer The new product innovation and process innovation also affect the consumer's maximum utility. In the era of knowledge economy, the consumption decision of the family involves the formation and appreciation of the human capital, and the human resources The use of capital determines the budget income of the family, and one of the consequences of the technological innovation is that through the appreciation of the intrinsic requirements of the human capital and the consumption of the family-saving (the formation of human capital) In section 3.2, the effect of product difference on the welfare of consumers is also analyzed. The fourth chapter is to explore the conduction path of economic growth, which is divided into three sections. The effect of long power is discussed in section 4.2. It mainly discusses how the factors such as "knowledge" and "RD" show economic externalities at the micro level. In this section, the effect mechanism of the "dry middle school" effect is also explained. Section 4.3 studies the technology creation. The new role in the micro-mechanism of the conduction path of economic growth, from the point of technical innovation, explains the reason of the endogenous nature of the technology, and explains the process from the two aspects of the consumer demand and the manufacturer's investment decision: that is, the technology on the micro-level
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：F062.4
本文编号：2463734
[Abstract]:The analysis of the process of "technical progress", "technological innovation" and "diffusion of technology" and its economic effect has long been an important field of economic research, especially the theory of economic growth is more concerned with the "technology", The "knowledge" and other factors have an impact on the conduction mechanism of economic growth and the stability of the economic growth system. On the basis of comprehensive literature, this dissertation focuses on the theoretical analysis of the problem of technology innovation and diffusion. And put forward a theoretical thinking on the research method of the growth path in the theory of economic growth. The full text is divided into four chapters, the first chapter is the introduction section, the 1.1 section first compares the explanation of several basic concepts such as "technical progress", "technological innovation", "diffusion of technology", "RD" and so on in the literature To find out the similarities and differences, this section also introduces the classification of technology innovation in the literature. Section 1.2 provides an overview of the discussion of the technical factors by the economists in various times, so as to show that the economist is concerned with the technology The economic and social impact, but the economic theory of different times gives the technical factors The degree of attention is different. Finally, in section 1.3, This paper puts forward the research thought of this paper. The second chapter is divided into three parts: the microeconomic analysis of technology innovation, and the main part The internal and external factors that influence the technological innovation decision of the Chinese manufacturers are analyzed. A theoretical model is set up in the last part of Section 2.1. The optimal time path of the technology innovation project is determined. The model is based on the research idea proposed in Section 1.3, and that is, the technology innovation determines the investment decision of the manufacturer for the material capital and human capital, so as to influence the profit maximization of the manufacturer. Section 2.2 analyzes the technology diffusion. Some laws and rules describe the main way of the technology diffusion, and discuss the uncertainty existing in the technology diffusion. In this chapter, the principle and method of measuring technological innovation are not put forward in this chapter. In the third chapter, the behavioral research of the technology innovation and the diffusion individual is included in the dynamic optimization framework, and the technical progress is studied based on the theory of the manufacturer and the consumer demand. nk>"endogenetic". The author abstracts the micro-economic individual into two categories: the manufacturer and the family. Naturally, this chapter is divided into two parts. In section 3.1, the manufacturer's theory is first reviewed, and then a model is used to analyze the existing technology innovation and expansion. In the case of dispersion, in order to maximize the profit, the manufacturer can make the optimal investment decision. Since the technology innovation can improve the human capital and affect the selection of the labor force by the manufacturer, the Section 3.1 also This paper makes a brief analysis on this problem. The relationship between the consumer and the technology innovation is studied in section 3.2. The author holds that, in the case of full competition, the demand characteristics of the consumer have an unnegligible influence on the direction and the process of the manufacturer's product innovation, and at the same time, the technology of the manufacturer The new product innovation and process innovation also affect the consumer's maximum utility. In the era of knowledge economy, the consumption decision of the family involves the formation and appreciation of the human capital, and the human resources The use of capital determines the budget income of the family, and one of the consequences of the technological innovation is that through the appreciation of the intrinsic requirements of the human capital and the consumption of the family-saving (the formation of human capital) In section 3.2, the effect of product difference on the welfare of consumers is also analyzed. The fourth chapter is to explore the conduction path of economic growth, which is divided into three sections. The effect of long power is discussed in section 4.2. It mainly discusses how the factors such as "knowledge" and "RD" show economic externalities at the micro level. In this section, the effect mechanism of the "dry middle school" effect is also explained. Section 4.3 studies the technology creation. The new role in the micro-mechanism of the conduction path of economic growth, from the point of technical innovation, explains the reason of the endogenous nature of the technology, and explains the process from the two aspects of the consumer demand and the manufacturer's investment decision: that is, the technology on the micro-level
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：F062.4
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 鲍琳洁,佟一莹;高技术发展与结构危机——IBM公司发展战略转移导向[J];数量经济技术经济研究;1995年02期
本文编号：2463734
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