机会扩展与内生自由

发布时间：2019-05-15 09:28

【摘要】： 在人类行为的诸多约束中，人们面临的机会集合大小，无疑是一个十分重要的约束条件。然而，这一约束在很大程度上为传统标准经济学所忽视了。论文首先从基础经济理论的层面，一般性地考察了机会扩展对选择过程、合约安排以及制度变迁可能产生的影响。其次，在结合已有文献的基础上，，论文考察了非空机会集合对人类福利所具有的多重价值。某一机会集合不仅提供了一定的功利价值和一定的非功利价值——即由机会集合提供的自由选择的价值，也提供了一种另外意义上的价值，即机会集合大小作为一个约束条件所具有的限制强制、增加消极自由的价值。文章论证了，自由内生于机会扩展，即随着机会的扩展，强制方对被强制方实施强制的成本将不断增加，因此，在强制力量一定的条件下，强制方不得不逐步放弃原有的强制，从而人们享有的消极自由就增长了。内生自由假说增进了我们对自由的理解，使我们认识到自由不仅是重要的、必要的，在某种程度上也是必然的。内生自由假说也使我们认识到，实施机会扩展的措施和改革(比如中国的改革开放政策)不仅有利于经济效率和福利的提升，也有利于加快社会、家庭自由化的进程。在论文最后部分，综述了最近文献对机会与自由关系的讨论，主要内容是探讨如何运用公理化方法对含有自由价值的机会集合进行排序的问题。
[Abstract]:Among the many constraints of human behavior, the size of opportunity set is undoubtedly a very important constraint. However, this constraint has been ignored to a large extent by traditional standard economics. First of all, from the perspective of basic economic theory, this paper generally examines the possible impact of opportunity expansion on the selection process, contract arrangements and institutional changes. Secondly, on the basis of the existing literature, this paper examines the multiple values of non-empty opportunity sets to human welfare. A set of opportunities not only provides a certain utilitarian value and a certain non-utilitarian value-that is, the value of free choice provided by the set of opportunities, but also provides a value in the other sense. That is, the size of opportunity set, as a constraint, is restricted and mandatory, which increases the value of negative freedom. This paper demonstrates that the cost of forcing the enforcement party against the enforced party will continue to increase with the expansion of the opportunity, therefore, under certain conditions of the coercive force, the enforcer has to give up the original coercive force step by step. As a result, people enjoy more negative freedom. The hypothesis of endogenic freedom enhances our understanding of freedom and makes us realize that freedom is not only important, necessary, but also necessary to some extent. The hypothesis of endogenous freedom also makes us realize that the implementation of measures and reforms (such as China's reform and opening up policy) is not only conducive to the improvement of economic efficiency and welfare, but also conducive to speeding up the process of social and family liberalization. In the last part of the paper, the discussion on the relationship between opportunity and freedom in recent literature is reviewed, and the main content is to discuss how to use axiomatic method to sort the set of opportunities with free value.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：F061.4

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