马克思《资本论》中的人性思想述评

发布时间：2016-10-09 11:00

  本文关键词：马克思《资本论》中的人性思想述评，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

马克思《资本论》中的人性思想述评

     2009-7-18 23:09:17     来源：     

　　论文标题马克思《资本论》中的人性思想述评
Research on the Innovation of Enterprises" Cost Management Model in Network Environment
论文作者陈质颖
论文导师唐凯麟,论文学位博士,论文专业伦理学
论文单位湖南师范大学,点击次数0,论文页数145页File Size6848k
1998-05-01网络技术;成本;管理模式
Network Technology; The Cost; Management Model
马克思的《资本论》是一部百科全书式的著作。它不仅包含了丰富的经济学思想,而且也包含了丰富的哲学伦理学思想。本文正是从伦理道德的角度,以经济和人性的关系为突破口,来研究《资本论》的。 马克思在《资本论》中所阐述的人性思想是丰富而深刻的。在《资本论》中,马克思研究政治经济学的同时,自觉运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的基本观点,将人性根植于经济关系及其它一切社会关系之中,丰富、深刻、具体、科学地阐明了马克思主义的唯物主义人性观。他的主题鲜明:经济发展和人性发展的关系是辩证统一的,既有内在的一致性又有深刻的矛盾性。经济决定人性,人性对经济有能动作用。经济发展为人性发展准备必要的物质前提,人性发展则受制于经济发展的必然结果并积极作用于经济发展。经济发展一方面提高了人的主体地位、主体价值、主体能力,但另一方面也带来人的物化、异化及一系列深刻的社会矛盾和人性扭曲,而资本主义生产方式将人的物化、异化发展到顶峰状态。由此可以得知,要消灭这种矛盾性,关键在于大力发展社会生产力,消除落后的自然分工,代之以科学的分工,创造丰富的物质财富,从而为人性充分发展准备坚实的物质基础;关键在于消灭落后的生产资料私有制,包括资本主义生产资料私有制,代之以生产资料公有制,即社会主义、共产主义生产资料公有制,从而为人性充分发展准备坚实的社会基础;关键在于全面发展教育的实施,从而为人性充分发展准备坚实的精神基础。也只有在这样的物质基础、社会基础和精神基础之上,才能实现人性的理想状态,即人的自由和全面发展,从而真正实现人的自由和彻底解放。
Marx"s Capital is an encyclopedia. Besides a wealth of thoughts on economics, it is rich in phylosophical and ethical ideas, The thesis studies the relationship between economics and human nature elaborated by Marx in Capital from the angel of ethics.Marx makes a perfound discussion on human nature in Capital. Putting human nature into economic relationship and all the other social relationships, he expounds scientific materialist human nature deeply and concretely. He has a distinct theme: Economics and human nature develop dialectically, with both internal unity and prefond contradiction between them. Economics determinates human nature, while human nature has an initiative effect on economics.The development of economics provides necessary material foundation for the development of human nature, while use development ox human nature is amnexorable result of the development of economics and an exerts an active influence on. the development of economics. The development of economics, on one hand, raises man"s stutus, value and ability as the subject, while on the other hand, it brings about the materialism, alienation of than, and a series of deep social contradictions and distortion of human nature. The capitalist mode of produc-tion precedentedly develops the materialism, alienation of man. Therefore in order to eliminate the contradictions, it " s to crucial to develop greatly the productive forces, to replace backward natural division labour to form a solide material foundation for a full development of human nature; It"s crucial to abolish backward private own-ership of materials of production, including capitalist private ownership of materials of production, and establish public ownership of materials of production, i. e, socialist and communist public ownership of materials of product - ion to form a substantial social foundation for the development of human nature;It"s crucial to develop extensively the facilities for education to provide spiritual foundation. It"s only on these material, social, and spiritual foundations that the ideal state of human nature, i.e, man"s freedom and comprehensive development, can be achieved, and thus the real freedom and emancipation of human being can be realized.Around this theme which Marx takes up in Capital, following the new trains of thought on human nature provided by Marx, the thesis expounds a theoretical disscussion from two espects, i. e, concrete human nature in commodity economy, esp. capitalist commodity economy,, and concrete human nature in communist society in the future. In Capital, Marx distinctly points out the new means and new trains of thought for studying human nature. He say: "If we want to apply a principle to the study of want, want to evaluate man" s actions, behaviours, and relationship, etc, according to the principle of effectiveness, at first, we must study general human nature, then make a research on human nature in every age which has changed historically. "This tells us that for studying human nature.We must study from two angels:general human nature and Concrete human nature. The study of concrete human nature must be based on the study of general human nature. This are the new trains of thought on human nature provided by Marx in Capital.In the first part of the thesis, from the observation and study of the new trains of thought to study human nature, the author discussesthe real content of Marx"s narration on studying human nature:from general human nature to concrete human nature, makes a profound analysis no the comprehensive and deep - going study on the content of general human nature and on the concrete forms of the changes of human nature in capitalist society complying with the new trains of thought, thus argues that Marx finds reasonable and scientific means to study human nature.In obedience to the new trains of thought, in the second part of the thesis, the author expounds that how Marx disscusses concrete human nature in commodity economy, esp. capitalist commodity e-conomy. In Capital, Marx points out that the dual nature

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