矿粮复合区耕地利用效率评价及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2017-12-30 22:39

本文关键词：矿粮复合区耕地利用效率评价及其影响因素研究　出处：《东华理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,随着城镇化与工业化的快速发展,建设占用耕地的现象屡禁不止,耕地污染现象日益严重,这些问题已严重威胁着我国本已十分脆弱的生态安全问题和粮食安全问题。我国是世界上人口最多,耕地资源丰富而人均耕地资源却十分稀缺的国家,耕地资源绝对数量大,人均相对较小的特殊性决定了我国必须采取节约集约利用耕地,提高农业生产效率的举措。然而,近年来随着矿产资源的大量开采,粮食主产区与矿产开采区交互重叠,矿产资源开采过程带来的水污染、耕地污染以及地表下陷等问题,导致耕地质量和土壤肥力的下降,最终影响矿区附近农户农业生产收益。因此,提高矿区耕地利用效率迫在眉睫,关键是开展对矿粮复合区耕地利用效率的测算及其影响因素的研究。虽然学术界在矿粮复合区耕地利用效率的研究上开展了大量课题,但是这还不能满足国家社会经济发展的需求,有针对性的研究矿区耕地利用效率及其影响因素的相关理论还不够完善。本文试图对矿区耕地利用效率进行测算并分析其主要影响因素,以期为农户生产决策提供一定的理论支持。本文以江西省上饶市德兴铜矿及其附近村组的农户为研究对象,获取德兴铜矿附近农户的问卷调查数据。根据污染程度的不同分为四大类型农户,基于前景理论和农户行为理论对不同类型农户劳动和资本投入行为进行预测并做出假设,采用随机前沿生产函数对耕地投入产出关系建立模型,利用Frontier4.1软件对参数进行估计并测算农户耕地利用效率,实证研究并分析了耕地利用效率及其影响因素,对提高农户耕地利用效率,增加农户收入具有较大的理论和实际意义。研究的主要结论为矿粮复合区内无污染农户、污染较轻农户、污染较重农户以及污染严重农户的劳动投入依次递减,资本投入总体呈递减的趋势,较好的反映了前文做出的假设;不同类型农户的平均耕地利用效率分别为61.86%、53.06%、57.93%、50.40%,说明随着污染程度的加重,不同类型农户平均耕地利用效率呈倒“N”型。通过随机前沿生产函数模型分析可知,耕地细碎化、受教育程度、劳动力年龄以及农户参与污染治理意愿是影响耕地利用效率的主要因素。根据研究结论可知,可以从以下几方面采取措施提高农户耕地利用效率:(1)因地制宜,适当保持小农户经营模式;(2)大力提高农民受教育程度,实施科技兴农政策;(3)制定相关政策法规,吸引部分中青年劳动力回流从事农业生产活动;(4)政府应采取综合措施积极治理耕地污染,并调动农户参与的积极性。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, farmland construction phenomenon repeated, farmland pollution is becoming increasingly serious. These problems have been a serious threat to ecological security and food security of our country has been very fragile. China is the world's largest population, cultivated land resources per capita arable land resources are rich and very scarce countries, the absolute number of cultivated land resources, per capita of relatively small determines that China must take intensive use of cultivated land, improving agricultural production efficiency initiatives. However, in recent years, with a large number of exploitation of mineral resources, the main grain producing areas and the interaction of mining areas overlap, water pollution brings the process of exploiting mineral resources the problem of pollution and land subsidence, resulting in a decline in the quality of cultivated land and soil fertility, and ultimately affect the income of agricultural production in the mining area near the farmers. So, To improve the utilization efficiency of imminent mining area of cultivated land, the key is to carry out research on the use of measurement and regression efficiency of composite land mine and grain. Although a large number of academic subject in the study area of cultivated land use efficiency composite ore grain development, but it still can not meet the national social and economic development needs, targeted research area land use efficiency and its influencing factors related theory is still not perfect. This paper attempts to calculate the mining land use efficiency and analyze the main influence factors, in order to provide theoretical support for the farmers' production decisions. This paper takes Jiangxi city of Shangrao province in Dexing copper mine and near the village of farmers as the research object, questionnaire survey data from Dexing copper mine farmers in the vicinity. According to the different degree of pollution for four types of farmers, farmer behavior theory of prospect theory and based on different types of agricultural Household labor and capital investment behavior prediction and make assumptions, establish the model of cultivated land input-output relation by using stochastic frontier production function, and estimates the parameters and calculate the land use efficiency by using Frontier4.1 software, empirical research and analysis of the land use efficiency and its influencing factors, to improve the utilization efficiency of arable land, has great theoretical and practical the significance of increasing farmers' income. The main conclusions of the study of mineral grain complex area pollution farmers, less pollution farmers, heavy pollution and severe pollution of farmers farmers labor input in decline, capital investment had a decreasing trend, and reflects the above assumptions made; the average efficiency of cultivated land use of different types of farmers were 61.86%, 53.06%, 57.93%, 50.40%, with the severity of the pollution, different types of households the average land use efficiency of inverted N ". through the stochastic frontier production function model analysis, land fragmentation, education level, age and labor force farmers to participate in pollution control will be the main factors influencing the cultivated land use efficiency. According to the conclusion of the study shows that we can take measures from the following aspects: land use efficiency high farmers (1) according to local conditions, to keep the small farmer management mode; (2) improve peasant education, implement the policy of agriculture science and technology; (3) the formulation of relevant policies and regulations to attract some young labor engaged in agricultural production activities; (4) the government should actively take comprehensive measures to pollution of cultivated land, and mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers to participate in.

【学位授予单位】：东华理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.211

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