上海地区种植业农产品比较优势研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 12:34

本文关键词：上海地区种植业农产品比较优势研究　出处：《上海交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：上海农业在供应本地新鲜产品方面正发挥着越来越重要的作用。同时,上海正处于高速发展进程中,耕地压力不断增加,分析和厘清上海市的农业种植现状,合理规划农业结构,提高农业种植效益显得尤为必要。在对传统的仅考虑效率比较优势和规模比较优势的地区农作物综合比较优势理论分析研究的基础上,引入地区劳动力优势指数、农业机械化优势指数和市场设施优势指数,将传统理论予以扩展使其可更为全面、客观地反映地区某农作物的比较优势。在此基础上,本文应用近六年来国家和上海市农业统计年鉴数据和《第二次农业普查主要数据公报》,分别计算了传统及改进后的上海地区4种代表性粮食作物和5种代表性经济作物的综合比较优势。研究表明:在粮食作物中稻谷具有规模优势,大豆具有效率优势,稻谷具有综合优势;经济作物中,油菜籽、西瓜、草莓具有规模优势,油菜籽、西瓜具有效率优势,油菜籽、西瓜、草莓具有综合优势;油菜籽各种优势较为明显。改进后的综合指数法的结果显示,粮食作物中小麦和经济作物中的蔬菜也具有比较优势。虽然在粮食作物中,稻谷具有稳定的规模优势和综合优势,但其效率优势稍逊,可以通过增加对稻谷生产技术方面的投入来进一步提高稻谷生产效率,这样可以进一步提升稻谷的比较优势。在经济作物方面,油菜籽、西瓜具有稳定的规模、效率以及综合优势。因此可以扩大这两种经济作物的种植;草莓具有规模优势、综合优势,但是效率优势略逊色,可以通过对草莓生产技术的改进来进一步提升草莓的整体比较优势。在耕地面积趋于稳定的形势下,因为经济作物的产值增速高于粮食作物,所以可有通过扩大经济作物的种植来提高种植业总体产值。不过,区域种植业结构的调整和优化要兼顾经济、社会、生态等各种方面效益,而不能以经济效益作为唯一标准。
[Abstract]:Shanghai agriculture is playing an increasingly important role in the supply of fresh local products. At the same time, Shanghai is in the rapid development process, the increasing pressure of cultivated land, agricultural planting situation analysis and outline of Shanghai city planning, the structure of agriculture, it is necessary to improve the agricultural planting benefit. In the traditional only consider comparative analysis the advantage of the efficiency of comparative advantage and scale of crops in the comprehensive comparative advantage theory based on the introduction of regional labor advantage index, agricultural mechanization advantage index and market infrastructure advantage index, the traditional theory to be extended so that it can be more comprehensive, objectively reflect the comparative advantage of a crop. On this basis, this paper applied over the past six years the state and agriculture of Shanghai city statistical yearbook data and < second agricultural census data Gazette, calculated the traditional and improved. Haiti District 4 representative food crops and the comparison of 5 representative economic crop advantages. The research showed that: the grain crops in rice have the advantage of scale, soybean has an advantage in the efficiency of rice has comprehensive advantages; economic crops, rapeseed, watermelon, strawberry has the advantages of scale, rapeseed, rapeseed, watermelon has efficiency advantage. Watermelon, strawberry has comprehensive advantages; rapeseed variety has obvious advantages. The improved comprehensive index method. The results show that grain crops and economic crops of wheat in vegetables also have a comparative advantage. Although in food crops, rice has the advantages of scale and comprehensive advantages of stability, but its efficiency can be increased by less, the rice production technology to further improve grain production efficiency, which can further enhance the comparative advantage of rice. In economic crops, rapeseed, watermelon With the size of stability, efficiency and comprehensive advantages. So you can expand these two kinds of economic crops; strawberries have the advantage of scale, comprehensive advantage, efficiency advantage but slightly less, can through the improvement of the production technology of strawberry strawberry to further enhance the overall comparative advantage. Stable situation in the area of arable land, because of economic crops the growth rate is higher than the value of food crops, so to increase the planting by expanding economic crop planting area overall output. However, the adjustment and optimization of industry structure should take into account the economic, social, ecological and other benefits, but cannot take the economic benefits as the only standard.

【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.1;S326

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