基于ArcGIS和种养平衡的重庆市畜禽养殖容量及其外部经济性研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 00:27

本文关键词：基于ArcGIS和种养平衡的重庆市畜禽养殖容量及其外部经济性研究　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：畜禽养殖污染是典型的农业非点源污染,国内外针对核算畜禽污染量、评估污染水平、选择污染治理方法等环节展开了不同程度的研究。科学、准确、合理普查畜禽养殖污染的方法有助于实施畜禽污染减排计划,也利于推进环境友好和资源节约的畜牧业可持续发展,进一步影响到国家和地区畜禽养殖业政策制度的制定。近年来,重庆市政府为切实从源头控制畜禽养殖污染,加强区域生态环境保护,根据国家和地区相关规定,从畜禽养殖污染源头普查、日常监管、污染控制管理等环节看展了多项工作,并取得了一定的成绩。但在目前的重庆畜禽养殖生产和政府管理条件下,急需评估现有畜禽养殖污染水平和污染地区,并对重庆区县畜禽污染防治扶持政策提出一定建议。为此,本文基于“四清四治”系统,以重庆市10341家规模化养殖场为研究对象,通过排污系数、种养平衡等理论分析与实地调查相结合的方法,对目前重庆地区畜禽养殖污染状况进行评估,提出主要污染区县;基于畜禽养殖外部环境成本,提出政府用激励性环境经济手段(补贴)来促进畜禽粪污有机肥化,相应构建补贴政策中“政府-有机肥企业-养殖者”三方博弈模型,取得政府针对有机肥企业和养殖者的补贴范围,为科学化实施扶持政策提供依据。本研究的主要研究结果如下:(1)核算出重庆市畜禽养殖污染负荷。重庆市2013年畜禽养殖量为581.84×10~4猪当量,主要养殖种类为生猪和蛋鸡,养殖规模以小型、大型为主。2013年畜禽养殖污染物TOC、TN、TP排放量分别为10.47×10~4、1.79×10~4、1.04×10~4t。重庆市畜禽养殖在空间上存在显著空间自相关,且为正相关,即养殖量/排污量高的区县其周围区县相应指标也高;其中“高-高”区位于城市发展新区和渝东北生态涵养发展区,“低-低”区位于都市发展区和渝东南生态保护区。(2)建立了重庆三峡库区内外的理论最大承载养殖量方法。三峡库区核心区内有效消纳畜禽粪污土壤面积比例为40%,理论最大承载量为9头/hm~2,而库区外的区县有效消纳畜禽粪污土壤面积比例为42%,理论最大承载量则可达到10头/hm~2。全市的养殖容量为1475.33万头猪当量。(3)评估了重庆市和各区县目前畜禽养殖污染水平。全市畜禽养殖风险处于“稍有风险”水平,其中璧山区、合川区等6个区县的承载预警达到了有风险以上(风险值0.7),其余区县处于相对安全的水平;全市畜禽养殖的剩余容量约为450.89万头猪当量,主要分布在彭水县、酉阳县、秀山县等31个养殖区县。(4)构建了基于有机肥生产的“政府-有机肥企业-养殖者”三方博弈模型,探讨了有机肥补贴范围。因畜禽养殖造成重庆市189524hm~2土壤存在潜在风险,相应减产的农作物产生的外部土壤环境成本为3.73亿元。通过实施政府补贴政策来激励畜禽粪污被有机肥化,相应补贴有机肥企业和养殖者的下限为13.3、2.6元/头生猪当量,总补贴上限为64.11元/头生猪当量。
[Abstract]:The pollution of livestock and poultry breeding is a typical agricultural non-point source pollution, accounting for domestic livestock pollution, evaluation of pollution level, pollution control and other aspects of selection method are studied in different degrees. The scientific, accurate and reasonable method of livestock pollution census to contribute to the implementation of the livestock pollution reduction plan, but also conducive to promoting the sustainable development of animal husbandry industry environment friendly and resource saving, further affect the policy system for livestock and poultry breeding countries and regions. In recent years, the Chongqing municipal government to effectively control from the source of livestock pollution, strengthen regional ecological environment protection, according to the relevant provisions of countries and regions, from the census, livestock pollution source pollution control and management of the daily supervision, to see a number of exhibition work, and achieved certain results. But in the current Chongqing livestock production and government management conditions, to evaluate existing livestock Poultry farming pollution level and pollution area, and the Chongqing County livestock pollution prevention policies put forward certain suggestions. Therefore, this paper is based on "four clean four governance system in Chongqing City, 10341 large-scale farms as the research object, through the emission coefficient, breeding balance theory method of analysis combined with field survey, carried out evaluation on the current Chongqing area livestock pollution situation, put forward the main pollution of livestock and poultry breeding district; external environmental cost based on the proposed government incentive environmental economic means (subsidy) to promote livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer, the corresponding construction subsidy policy of" government - Enterprise - organic fertilizer producers "Three Party Game model, government according to the organic fertilizer enterprises and farmers in the scope of subsidies, provide the basis for scientific policy implementation. The main results of this study are as follows: (1) calculate the livestock in Chongqing. Chongqing city in 2013. The pollution load of livestock quantity is 581.84 * 10~4 pig equivalent, main breed for pigs and hens breeding to small scale, large.2013 years of livestock pollutants TOC, TN, TP emissions were 10.47 * 10~4,1.79 * 10~4,1.04 * 10~4t. of livestock in Chongqing exists in the space a significant spatial autocorrelation and, as a positive correlation, namely the breeding volume / discharge capacity is high and the surrounding counties of the corresponding index is high; the "high high" area is located in the city development zone and the development of ecological conservation area northeast, "low - low" area is located in the urban development zone and Chongqing southeast ecological protection zone (2) is established. The theoretical maximum carrying amount of farming methods in Three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing. Both inside and outside the core area of the Three Gorges Reservoir in consumptive poultry manure soil area ratio was 40%, the theoretical maximum capacity was 9 /hm~2, while the reservoir district effectively consumptive livestock and poultry manure in soil The area ratio is 42%, the maximum load carrying capacity theory can reach 10 of the city's 14 million 753 thousand and 300 head /hm~2. pig equivalent. (3) evaluated the Chongqing city and the county level. The city's current livestock pollution of livestock and poultry breeding risk is "a slight risk" level, including Bishan, Hechuan district and other 6 counties bearing early warning at risk (the risk value above 0.7), the rest of the district is relatively safe level; the residual capacity of livestock is about 4 million 508 thousand and 900 pigs equivalent, mainly distributed in Pengshui County, Youyang County, 31 breeding district Xiushan County. (4) based on the production of organic fertilizer "government - organic fertilizer enterprises - breeders" three party game model, discusses the organic fertilizer subsidies. The soil 189524hm~2 Chongqing city there is a potential risk for livestock production, the corresponding crops produced by external soil environment at a cost of 373 million yuan. Through the implementation of the government subsidy policy to encourage livestock manure to be organic manure, the lower limit of the corresponding subsidy organic fertilizer enterprises and farmers is 13.3,2.6 yuan / head pig equivalent, the total subsidy ceiling is 64.11 yuan / head pig equivalent.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.3;X713

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