东京与北京大都市区农业生产功能比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 07:24

本文关键词：东京与北京大都市区农业生产功能比较研究　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：大都市区经历了快速的城市化过程,耕地逐渐短缺。如何合理有效利用大都市区的耕地,对大都市区的土地利用和城市居民的生产生活都很重要。在耕地短缺的背景下,大都市区农业生产功能的时空演变产生了一定的规律性。东京都市圈是世界第一大都市圈,日本二战后,东京经历了快速的发展,农业生产功能发生了显著变化。北京自改革开放以来,经济也进入了新的历史发展阶段,作为中国的首都,北京大都市区的经济辐射作用逐渐扩散,其农业生产功能也正处于急剧变化期并正在生成自身的发展特点。对二者农业生产功能演变趋势的对比分析、相同特点的总结及原因的探讨将有助于我们认识大都市区农业发展的共性,;而对二者差异性的总结也将为我国及其他发展中国家(尤其是亚洲国家)大都市区的现代农业规划和农业可持续发展提供借鉴。本文分别采用东京都市圈1960年以来、北京大都市区1978年以来的农业生产数据,从农业产值和农产品产量两方面对二者农业生产功能的演变进行了比较研究。本文首先对农产品产量数据进行了归一化处理,之后利用农业生产功能系数、农业生产功能变动系数等方法,分别分析了东京都市圈、北京大都市区农业生产功能的演变过程及空间差异,并在此基础上分别采用简单定量分析及实证分析的方式探讨了二者变化的主要驱动因素,最后,总结了两大都市区农业生产功能演变的共性,分析了二者在农业生产功能演变中的差异性并探讨了差异性出现的可能原因。研究结果显示,东京都市圈及北京大都市区农业生产功能演变具有以下几方面共性:(1)农业产值结构方面:随着经济的快速发展,两大都市区农业产值结构均发生了显著变化,谷物种植业比重大幅下降,农业结构逐渐趋于现代化。在两大都市区的经济发展中均存在年份转折点,在该年之后农业生产功能系数下降速度放缓,农业产值结构进入偏离传统农业的高层次稳定发展期。(2)农产品产量方面:粮食的生产功能均减弱,猪肉和禽蛋等畜产品的生产功能均加强。在经济发展的后期阶段,两大都市区各类农产品的生产功能均趋于下降或进入稳定调整阶段。(3)农业生产功能空间差异方面:两大都市区在经济发展过程中均形成了特色鲜明的农业生产重点区县。两大都市区农业生产功能的演变均呈现出了圈层化的特点,都市区核心区域及周边已基本丧失农业生产职能,这基本与辛克莱尔的"逆杜能圈"理论相吻合;而在城市周边以外的区域,其农业生产分布大致能看出杜能"农业区位论""的影子,但由于交通发展等因素对于距离因素的弱化,这种空间分布规律性逐渐减弱。(4)驱动因素方面:农业投入要素仍是影响两大都市区农业生产功能演变的重要因素。除此之外,对于二者差异性的总结发现,不同经济基础、经济发展阶段、资源禀赋、农业发展模式、政策背景以及城市区域规划都可能会对不同大都市区农业生产功能演变的差异性造成影响。而要促进大都市区农业健康、有序发展,必须处理好大都市区农业发展共性和个体差异性之间的关系。
[Abstract]:The metropolitan area has experienced the process of Rapid City, land shortage. How reasonable and effective use of the metropolitan area of the metropolitan area of arable land, land use and city residents are very important. In the context of the shortage of arable land, the metropolitan area agricultural production function of time evolution has the certain regularity. The city of Tokyo the circle is the world's first metropolis, Japan after World War II, Tokyo has experienced rapid development, significant changes in agricultural production in Beijing. Since the reform and opening up, the economy has entered a new historical stage of development, as the capital of Chinese, economic radiation of the Beijing metropolitan area gradually spread, the agricultural production function is also in rapidly and is producing its own development characteristics. Comparison and analysis of the evolution trend of the agricultural production function of two, and to investigate the causes of the same characteristics will help In our understanding of agricultural development in metropolitan areas; in common, while the differences of the two will also be summarized in China and other developing countries (particularly in Asia) to provide reference of the metropolitan area of modern agricultural planning and sustainable development of agriculture. This paper uses Tokyo metropolitan area since 1960, agricultural production data of Beijing metropolitan area since 1978. That makes a comparative study from two aspects of agricultural output and agricultural production on the evolution of agricultural production function two. Firstly, the normalization of agricultural production data, then use the agricultural production function coefficient, variation coefficient of agricultural production function method, analyzes the Tokyo metropolitan area, the difference and evolution of space in Beijing the metropolitan area agricultural production function, and on the basis of analysis and empirical analysis using simple quantitative approach to explore the two main changes To the driving factors, finally, summarizes the agricultural production function of two metropolitan areas of evolution in common, analyzes the difference between the two in the agricultural production function in the evolution of and to explore the possible reasons for the differences appear. The results showed that the production function of Tokyo metropolitan area and Beijing Metropolitan Area Agricultural Students evolution has the following features: (1) the agricultural production structure: with the rapid development of economy, the structure of agricultural output in two metropolitan areas have undergone significant changes, grain planting ratio dropped significantly, the agricultural structure tends to be modernized. In two metropolitan areas in economic development are a turning point in the year, after years of agricultural production function coefficient decline rate slow down, the structure of agricultural output into the high level stable development period from traditional agriculture. (2) agricultural production, food production functions are weakened, pork and eggs and other animal products production All functions are strengthened. In the late stage of economic development, two metropolitan areas of various types of agricultural products production function tends to decline or enter the stable adjustment stage. (3) the spatial difference of agricultural production function: the two major metropolitan areas in the process of economic development have formed the distinctive characteristics of the agricultural production of key counties. The evolution of agricultural production the function of two metropolitan areas are showing the characteristics of the circle, the surrounding region and the core metropolitan area has basically lost agricultural production function, the basic and inverse Thunen circle theory "of Sinclair; and in the surrounding city outside the region, the agricultural production distribution generally can see" Thunen's agricultural location theory "shadow, but due to the weakening factors of traffic development for distance factors, the spatial distribution regularity decreased. (4) the driving factors: agricultural input factors affecting agricultural production is still the two major metropolitan area An important factor in the evolution of the function. In addition, the two difference concluded that different economic base, the stage of economic development, natural resources, agricultural development mode, caused by the difference between the city and regional planning policy background may have on the evolution of agricultural production function in different metropolitan areas. And to promote agricultural health, metropolis orderly development, we must deal with the relationship between common agricultural development and individual differences of the metropolitan area.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F327;F331.3

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