基于国内外比较的新疆兵团棉花成本收益及补贴政策研究

发布时间：2018-01-17 22:17

本文关键词：基于国内外比较的新疆兵团棉花成本收益及补贴政策研究　出处：《塔里木大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国长江和黄淮海两个产棉区棉花产量逐渐下降,与此同时新疆棉花产量逐渐上升使得新疆的植棉责任进一步凸显。但是随着生产要素和劳动力成本的上升,以及自然天气的不确定性,使得棉花种植的最终收益存在很高风险,加之国家“减棉增粮”的农业大政策,使得新疆兵团棉花产业面临着诸多挑战。在此背景下,需要重新了解新形势下棉花的利润,农户种植棉花是有净收益还是发生亏损,棉花的要素成本比重,农民是否需要政策补贴,现行的棉花补偿政策是否合理等等。对这些问题的探索,将有利于新疆兵团棉花产业的持续健康发展。本文通过统计部门的数据和对植棉农户的调查数据,采用统计分析方法对新疆兵团棉花种植的成本与收益情况进行了详细研究,并同三大产棉区以及全国数据进行了比较,在成本收益分析基础上,对新疆兵团植棉职工的棉花国家补贴进行了机制分析。通过实证分析,得到了如下几点主要结论:(1)新疆作为我国棉花播种面积和产量最大的区域,新疆兵团是新疆植棉的最大区域。近几年,新疆兵团棉花播种面积规模及占全国比重持续增加,新疆兵团棉花产量及占全国比重持续上升,新疆兵团棉花单位面积产量也高于全国及新疆平均水平;(2)随着棉花种植人工成本的上升,新疆棉花种植业出现了亏损,但以阿克苏地区和本文调查对象为代表的新疆兵团仍然处于正效益状态。这主要源于新疆兵团植棉的两方面优势,一是单位面积产值高,二是成本低;(3)植保费、水费和滴管费对新疆兵团棉花收益存在正作用,人工费、机械作业费和地膜费对新疆兵团棉花收益存在负作用,其余成本项目对棉花收益作用不显著。(4)不同的师团的每亩净收益和家庭人均净收益相差较大,使得各师团的棉花补贴也不等。六师的每亩补贴额最高,一师一团补贴额最低。本文分析发现纯粹的目标价格补贴制会导致出现不公平现象,部分棉农会因为国家补贴而不去提高植棉效率,进而降低了整体的植棉效益。
[Abstract]:In recent years, cotton production in two cotton-producing areas of Yangtze River and Huanghuai Sea has gradually decreased. At the same time, Xinjiang cotton production is gradually rising, the responsibility of cotton planting in Xinjiang has become more prominent. But with the increase of production factors and labor costs, as well as the uncertainty of natural weather. The final income of cotton planting is very high risk, and the national agricultural policy of "reducing cotton and increasing grain" makes the cotton industry of Xinjiang Bingtuan face many challenges. Need to re-understand the new situation of cotton profits, farmers planting cotton whether there is a net income or losses, cotton factor cost proportion, farmers need policy subsidies. Whether the current cotton compensation policy is reasonable or not. The exploration of these problems will be conducive to the sustainable and healthy development of Xinjiang bingtuan cotton industry. This paper through the statistics department data and survey data on cotton farmers. The cost and benefit of cotton planting in Xinjiang Bingtuan were studied in detail by using the statistical analysis method, and compared with the data of three cotton producing regions and the whole country, on the basis of cost-benefit analysis. The mechanism of cotton state subsidy for cotton planting workers in Xinjiang Corps was analyzed. Through empirical analysis, the following main conclusions were obtained: 1) Xinjiang is the region with the largest sowing area and yield of cotton in China. Xinjiang bingtuan is the largest region of cotton planting in Xinjiang. In recent years, the planting area of cotton and its proportion in the whole country have been increasing, and the cotton output and proportion of Xinjiang bingtuan have been rising. The yield of cotton per unit area in Xinjiang Bingtuan was also higher than that of the whole country and the average level of Xinjiang. 2) with the increase of the cost of cotton planting, the cotton planting industry in Xinjiang has been losing money. However, the Xinjiang Corps, represented by Aksu region and this article, is still in a positive state of benefit. This is mainly due to the two advantages of cotton planting in Xinjiang Corps, one is the high output value per unit area, the other is the low cost; 3) Plant protection fee, water fee and dropper fee have positive effect on cotton revenue of Xinjiang Bingtuan, and labor, machine operation and plastic film cost have negative effect on cotton revenue of Xinjiang Bingtuan. The effect of other cost items on cotton income is not significant. 4) the difference of net income per mu and per capita income of families of different division groups is larger, which makes the cotton subsidies of each division and regiment not equal, and the subsidy amount per mu of sixth division is the highest. This paper finds that the pure target price subsidy system will lead to unfair phenomenon, some cotton farmers will not improve the efficiency of cotton planting because of state subsidies. Thus, the overall benefit of cotton planting is reduced.
【学位授予单位】：塔里木大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F812.8;F302.6;F326.12

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