快速城镇化背景下中国城乡差距研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 07:29

本文关键词： 城镇化城乡差距综合评价指标体系中国　出处：《华南理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：全球城镇化进程已经经历了三次大的浪潮,随着时间的推移,三次城镇化浪潮的持续时间不断压缩,人口规模不断提升,城镇化动力和背景更趋多元,同时来自资源和环境的制约也更为苛刻。与此同时,在全球城镇化进程的不同阶段,都出现了相应的社会问题。中国作为第三次城镇化浪潮的典型代表,在城镇化进程中,总结前两次浪潮的经验教训,极大地推动了本国的城镇化发展。几经波折之后,中国的城镇化进程进入健康持续快速发展时期,城镇化发展迅速。短短30多年的时间,中国的城镇化发展完成了美国耗时约60年、英国耗时约100年才能完成的任务,城镇化进程高度“浓缩”。在内外环境的作用之下,中国高度“浓缩”的城镇化,浓缩的不仅是成就,更是问题。由于时间较短,没有充足的时间让中国的城市实现多维进程的同步转型,中国的城镇化不仅会出现其他国家所遇到的矛盾和问题,如居民贫困、住房拥挤、公共卫生差、基础设施不足等,还必然会产生一些新矛盾和新问题,如城乡差距大、老龄化、食品安全等。观察世界各国的城镇化发展历程,可以发现城镇化的原始积累是基于对社会弱势群体的整体剥夺。中国也不例外,一系列“抑农重工、劫乡济城”的行为,使得中国的城镇化带有了二元性乃至多元性的矛盾特征。中国作为传统的农业国家,在特殊的发展战略以及经济规律的运作之下,通过人为或非人为的方式塑造了城乡二元局面,使城市和农村之间的差距拉大,城乡差距成为中国城镇化进程中的主要矛盾之一。2011年,中国的城镇化率达到51.27%,标志着中国城市社会来临,并进入社会矛盾频发期。本文以中国城镇化进程中主要矛盾之一的城乡差距为研究对象,通过构建综合指标体系,收集改革开放以来的相关数据,从全国的纵向比较和省级的横向对比两个维度,分析中国城镇化进程中城乡差距的发展现象、特征和可能的原因,并在此基础之上,提出缩小城乡差距并促进城乡协调发展的对策与建议,为中国城镇化的健康发展提供基础研究依据。本文研究的主要内容如下:首先,分别概述了世界的和中国的城镇化发展历程,总结了中国城镇化发展过程中的主要问题,明确城乡差距是中国城镇化发展进程中的主要矛盾之一,并确定城乡差距为本文的研究对象。然后在归纳总结城乡差距的现有研究的基础之上,提出本文可能深入拓展研究的几个方面:城乡差距概念的界定,城乡生态环境、支撑系统及文化等方面的差距研究,综合评价指标体系的构建,城乡差距的多学科交叉性研究。其次,结合当前学术界有关城乡差距的研究,尤其是量化方面的研究,参考城乡统筹、城乡一体化、小康社会等综合评价指标体系,构建符合中国国情的城乡差距综合评价指标体系(综合评价指标体系包含1个目标层,3个准则层,8个子准则层,16个指标),在此基础之上,通过专家打分法确定指标体系中各层次指标的权重。再次,收集全国1978-2012年和省级2011年的数据,应用综合评价指标体系分析中国城乡差距发展特征与形成原因。结果表明,中国总体上仍处于农村落后于城市的现状,中国城乡综合差距的发展变化呈倒“U”型分布规律。近年来,随着新政策、新理念的逐步落实,中国城乡之间“量”上的差距在逐渐缩小,而“质”上的差距缩小仍需加强。在省域层面,同属中国的各省,政治、经济、社会等大的国内环境和国际背景都基本相同,但因改革的不同步和政府对政策执行的差异,导致同一时间,不同地域的城乡综合差距不因城镇化水平的高低而表现出明显的变化规律,但在空间层面上总体表现为:东小于西、南小于北。最后,在综合分析的基础上,借鉴发达国家的经验,从经济、社会、环境、支撑系统、文化等方面提出中国缩小城乡差距并促进城乡协调发展的对策与建议。
[Abstract]:The global urbanization process has experienced three big waves, with the passage of time, the three wave of urbanization the duration of continuous compression, the size of the population increase, urbanization power and the background of diversification, at the same time from the restriction of resources and environment are more demanding. At the same time, in different stages of global urbanization in the process, there are corresponding social problems. Chinese as a typical representative of the third wave of urbanization, in the process of urbanization, summarizing the experience and lessons before the two wave, which greatly promoted the development of urbanization in our country. After twists and turns, the process of urbanization Chinese into healthy sustained and rapid development period, the town rapidly. Just 30 years time, the development of urbanization China the completion of the United States takes about 60 years, the British took about 100 years to complete the task, the process of urbanization are highly concentrated in the inside and outside. Under the environment, Chinese highly concentrated in the urbanization, the concentration is not only the achievement is. Due to the short time, there is not enough time to achieve the synchronization process of multidimensional China city transformation, China urbanization will not only contradictions and problems encountered in other countries, such as the residents of poverty. Crowded housing, public health is poor, lack of infrastructure, it will inevitably produce some new contradictions and problems, such as the gap between urban and rural areas, aging, food safety and so on. To observe the urbanization development of the world, can be found in the primitive accumulation of urbanization is the overall social deprivation on vulnerable groups based on the China also. Without exception, a series of "suppression of agricultural industries," Xiang Ji City ", the China urbanization with the contradiction and diversity characteristics of two yuan. China as a traditional agricultural country, in particular the development strategy in And under the laws of economic operation, through human or non-human shapes the way two yuan in urban and rural areas, the gap between the city and the countryside widening gap between urban and rural areas has become the main contradiction Chinese in the process of urbanization is one of the Chinese.2011 years, the urbanization rate reached 51.27%, marking the advent of Chinese city society, and enter society conflict prone period. One of the main contradictions in China urbanization process in the gap between urban and rural areas as the research object, by constructing the comprehensive index system, collect relevant data since the reform and opening up, from the two dimensions of the vertical comparison and horizontal comparison at the provincial level, analysis of the development gap between urban and rural areas Chinese phenomenon in the process of urbanization, characteristics and the reasons, and on this basis, narrowing the gap between urban and rural and put forward countermeasures and suggestions of promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, to provide basic research basis for the healthy development of urbanization Chinese . the main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the urbanization development of the world and Chinese are outlined, summarizes the main problems in the development of urbanization in the process of China, clear the gap between urban and rural areas is one of the main contradiction in the process Chinese in the development of urbanization, and to determine the gap between urban and rural areas as the research object of this paper is based on the existing research. Then summarize the gap between urban and rural areas in this, this paper puts forward several aspects may further expand the research of the definition of the concept of the gap between urban and rural areas, urban and rural ecological environment, the research gap between support system and culture, establishing comprehensive evaluation index system, multidisciplinary research of the gap between urban and rural areas. Secondly, combined with the current research on the gap between urban and rural areas in academic circles, especially the quantitative research on the reference of urban and rural, urban and rural integration, the comprehensive evaluation index system of well-off society, constructing the city Chinese conditions The township gap (the comprehensive evaluation index system of comprehensive evaluation index system includes 1 layers, 3 layers, 8 sub criteria layer, 16 indicators), on this basis, determine the weight of each index in the index system by using expert scoring method. Thirdly, collection of national and provincial 1978-2012 data in 2011, and the formation of a comprehensive evaluation index system of application and analysis of the gap between urban and rural areas Chinese development characteristics. The results show that the China overall is still in the situation of rural development lags behind the city, the gap between urban and rural comprehensive change Chinese inverted "U" type distribution. In recent years, with the new policy, the new concept of the gradual implementation of the "quantity" between urban and rural areas, Chinese the gap is gradually narrowing, and "quality" to narrow the gap still needs to be strengthened. At the provincial level, belong to the China provinces, political, economic, social and other large domestic environment and international back view is basically the same, but because of The difference is not synchronous and government reform of the policy execution, in the same time, the gap between urban and rural comprehensive in different regions because of the level of urbanization and show significant variation, but the overall performance in the space level is less than the East West, North South less than. Finally, on the basis of comprehensive analysis. Learn from the experience of developed countries, from the economic, social, environmental, cultural and other aspects of support system, narrowing the gap between urban and China measures and suggestions to promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.

【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F299.2;F320

【参考文献】