阿提卡的德莫与土地所有制

发布时间：2018-02-03 00:13

  本文关键词： 阿提卡 德莫 小农经济 土地所有制　出处：《内蒙古大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：前资本主义阶段的历史特点是农村公社不断瓦解、公有制被私有制代替,进而,小土地所有制被大土地所有制逐渐代替。马克思和恩格斯研究前资本主义阶段的历史就是从分析农村公社及其土地所有制开始的,这与他们研究资本主义社会是从分析商品开始的一样,都有一个切入点和方法论。本文试学习这个方法论,对阿提卡的德莫和土地所有制进行简单分析。德莫是阿提卡农村公社的残余,是雅典城邦的基层组织,也是其区域空间和公民权利的基础,其产生最早见于线形文字B的碑文中。梭伦改革前,通过提修斯“统一运动”,德莫走向了统一管理。梭伦改革后,雅典民众获得了人身自由,但德莫缺乏有效管理。克里斯提尼改革按照地域原则划分政治区域,改革了德莫制度,使得城邦政治实现了有效的基层管理。从此,德莫通过对人口的登记、土地的分配以及公民权利的认定,在城邦经济、政治等方面发挥着重要作用,成为城邦小土地所有制和民主政治的基础。公元前5世纪末,伴随着伯罗奔尼撒战火的蔓延,雅典城邦危机爆发,公民不得不离开自己的故土,公民集体最终破裂,德莫随之失去了存在的价值,城邦丧失了民主政治的基础。
[Abstract]:The historical characteristics of the pre-capitalist stage are the disintegration of rural communes and the replacement of public ownership by private ownership. Small land ownership was gradually replaced by large land ownership. Marx and Engels began to study the history of pre-capitalist stage from the analysis of rural communes and their land ownership. This is the same as they began to study capitalist society from the analysis of commodities, there is a breakthrough point and methodology. This article tries to study this methodology. A brief analysis of the de Mo and land ownership of Attica is made. De Mo is the vestige of the Attica Rural Commune, the grass-roots organization of the Athenian city-state, and the basis of its regional space and civil rights. It was first found in the inscription of the linear character B. before the reform of Solon, through the "Unification Movement" of Tetheus, Demo moved towards unified management. After the reform of Solon, the Athenian people obtained their personal freedom. But Demo lacks effective management. Christian reforms divided political areas according to geographical principles, reformed the Demo system, and made polis politics effective at the grass-roots level. From then on, Demo passed the registration of the population. The distribution of land and the determination of civil rights play an important role in the economic and political aspects of the city-state and become the basis of the city-state small land ownership and democratic politics. At the end of 5th century BC. With the spread of the Peloponnesian war, the crisis broke out in the Athens city-state, citizens had to leave their homeland, the collective citizens finally broke down, and Demo lost the value of existence. The city-states lost the foundations of democracy.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F319;K125

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