如何提升易地搬迁脱贫的精准性及实效——四川省易地扶贫搬迁部分地区的村户调查

发布时间：2018-02-07 11:04

  本文关键词： 易地搬迁 精准脱贫 救济陷阱 补贴　出处：《农村经济》2017年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：易地扶贫搬迁作为精准扶贫战略工程之一,取得了重要成效。但由于基层政策执行偏差,部分地区有扶贫搬迁农户陷入"安置依赖"、"救济陷阱",或出现"搬而难富"问题。基于对易地搬迁地区村户的随机调查数据进行实证考察,发现相对贫困程度、贫困异质性及家庭特征影响到村户搬迁意愿、搬迁脱贫内生动力及其成效,制约搬迁的扶贫精准性与有效性。搬迁对外出务工村户的生计影响有限,对本地生产的贫困村户有帮扶效应。获得补贴不等于持久脱贫,单一的安置补贴降低了扶贫精准度并容易滋生救济依赖。因此,要改变"包揽"、"一刀切"、"唯补贴"的帮扶方式,扭转"安置结果至上"的政绩导向,设定补贴"弹性区间",规避"救济陷阱"。搬迁政策重心要由"搬迁"转向"脱贫",注重生产经营条件与就业机会创造,推动搬迁农户转型为有发展能力的职业农民或新市民。
[Abstract]:As one of the strategic projects of precision poverty alleviation, the relocation of poverty alleviation in different areas has achieved important results. However, because of the deviation in the implementation of grass-roots policies, Some areas have poverty alleviation and relocation farmers falling into "resettlement dependence", "relief trap", or "moving but not rich" problem. Based on the random survey data of rural households in relocation areas, it is found that the relative poverty level is relatively poor. Poverty heterogeneity and family characteristics affect the willingness of rural households to move, the endogenous motive force and its effectiveness of moving out of poverty, and restrict the accuracy and effectiveness of poverty alleviation. The relocation has a limited impact on the livelihood of migrant workers. There is a helping effect on poor village households produced locally. Getting subsidies does not mean getting out of poverty permanently. A single resettlement subsidy reduces the accuracy of poverty alleviation and tends to breed relief dependence. Therefore, we should change the way of helping people in the "all-around", "one-size-fits-all" and "subsidy only" mode. It is necessary to reverse the performance orientation of "resettlement results first", set up a "flexible interval" for subsidies, and avoid the "relief trap." the focus of the relocation policy should be shifted from "relocation" to "poverty relief", and should pay attention to the conditions of production and operation and the creation of employment opportunities. Promote the relocation of farmers to transform into the development of professional farmers or new citizens.
【作者单位】： 四川大学经济学院;四川大学吴玉章学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金青年项目“精准扶贫的瞄准机制与施策效率”(编号:15CJL057)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D632.4;F323.8
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本文编号：1494225