基于格网GIS的怀来县土地利用景观格局及生态安全时空演变分析

发布时间：2018-02-07 12:59

本文关键词： 景观格局土地利用生态安全怀来县　出处：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：怀来县作为“环首都绿色经济圈”及北方重要的生态屏障,其土地利用生态安全状况不仅关系县域的土地资源利用和生活环境,还对首都周边土地生态可持续发展带来影响。近年来城市化进程极大的改变了原有生态系统和环境,对该县乃至更大区域的土地生态安全构成了严峻挑战,众多学者对土地生态系统安全评价进行了广泛研究,但建立土地生态系统安全评价指标体系时,既应该考虑研究区的现状特点,又要考虑能够反映区域主要土地生态系统问题因果关系,同时兼顾研究的时间和空间尺度,目前这方面的研究还不够完善。如何合理构建土地生态安全指标体系,分析区域土地利用生态安全演变规律,对于维护生态环境保护机制,建立生态文明制度至关重要。基于RS、GIS技术平台,以1996年、2004年、2012年怀来县土地利用解译图为基础,对怀来县1996~2012年期间的土地利用变化、景观空间格局特征和演变进行系统、全面的分析,并根据变化趋势及现状状态引入排序分析方法,对影响怀来县土地利用景观格局变化的因素进行分析。基于此,从土地承载力、土地生态系统稳定性和土地景观格局方面构建土地利用生态安全评价指标体系,以3km×3km网格为评价单元,对怀来县土地利用生态安全演变及预测进行研究,主要得出以下结论:(1)在1996~2012年不同期段内怀来县主要以未利用地、林地为大宗土地利用类型。总体上呈现建设用地、园地、林地增加和耕地、水域、未利用地减少的趋势。耕地和未利用地大量转为建设用地,其它地类之间均有相互转化。水域和林地的重心基本未发生变化,园地重心变化最大,移动距离为3394m,其它地类次之。(2)从时间尺度和空间尺度两个方面对怀来县景观格局指数进行计算分析,结果表明:1996-2012年怀来县林地和未利用地等优势景观类型面积降低,景观形状在总体上趋于简单,破碎化程度加剧。香农多样性指数、香农均匀度指数、散布与并列指数高值区主要分布在怀来县的中部地区,并向南北方向依次降低,蔓延度指数则呈现相反趋势,表明怀来县中部地区景观类型多样并存在优势景观类型,但景观中小斑块数量较多,连通度较小。时空方面对比分析可知怀来县景观指数在区域内部变化存在不均衡性。(3)从自然和社会经济两方面选取指标,引入排序分析方法,探讨土地利用景观格局形成的规律。研究表明人口密度、GDP密度以及地形地貌对土地景观格局产生较大的影响。(4)1996~2012年怀来县用于生物生产的土地面积呈下降趋势,土地承载力指数下降了4.44×104ghm2;同时土地生态系统稳定性指数平均值由0.6257下降到0.5914,其中县域中部下降明显;土地景观格局指数平均值由0.53下降至0.43,在县域中南部明显降低;综合土地利用生态安全指数平均值由0.68下降至0.65,土地生态安全状况下降明显,其安全指数的变异程度上升,变化幅度加大,空间关联性下降,空间异质程度上升。在1996~2012年期间总体上怀来县土地利用生态状况在多种影响因素的干扰下呈现下降趋势,区域内部分异变化明显和复杂。预测表明在短期内除西南部山地丘陵区稍保持现状以外,其余大部分地区均呈现下降趋势。
[Abstract]:Huailai County as an important ecological barrier of the green ring the capital economic circle and the north, the land ecological security situation is not only the relationship between county land resources and living environment, the impact on the ecological sustainable development of land around the capital city. In recent years the process greatly changed the original ecological system and the environment, constitutes a serious the challenge of land ecological security in the county and even more extensive area, many scholars study the evaluation of land ecological security system, but to establish the evaluation index system of land ecological security system, should not only consider the current characteristics of the study area, but also consider the ecological system of the land area can reflect the main problem of causality, taking into account the research time and space scale, the current research in this area is not perfect. How to build a reasonable index system of land ecological security, analysis of regional land The use of ecological security evolution, for the maintenance of the ecological environment protection mechanism, it is important to establish ecological civilization system. Based on RS, GIS technology platform, in 1996, 2004, 2012, Huailai county land use interpretation map based on the land use change in Huailai county during the period of 1996~2012, characteristics of landscape spatial pattern and evolution of the system, comprehensive analysis and ranking analysis method is introduced based on the trend and status quo of Huailai County, influencing factors of land use and landscape pattern change analysis. Based on this, from the land carrying capacity, land ecosystem stability and landscape construction land use ecological security evaluation index system, using 3km * 3km grid as evaluation unit of Huailai county land use ecological security evolvement and prediction research, we draw the following conclusions: (1) 1996~2012 in different period in Huailai County in The use of land, forest land use types. For the large overall construction land, garden land, woodland, arable land and waters increased, unused land decreased. A large number of arable land and unused land into construction land, other land types of mutual transformation between gravity. Water and forest basically did not change the garden the change of gravity maximum moving distance is 3394m, the other kind of times. (2) the index of landscape pattern in Huailai county from two aspects of spatial and temporal scales were calculated and analyzed, the results showed that: 1996-2012 years of Huailai county forest land and unused land area decreased the dominant landscape, landscape shape in general tend to be simple. The fragmentation degree increased. Shannon Shannon's diversity index, evenness index, interspersion and juxtaposition index high value areas are mainly distributed in the central area of Huailai County, North and south direction decreased, the contagion index showed the opposite That trend, landscape types in central area of Huailai county and the dominant landscape diversity, but the landscape of small patches number, connectivity is small. Spatiotemporal comparative analysis of landscape in Huailai county shows that the index of the imbalance of the changes in the internal region. (3) selected from the natural and social economic indicators in two aspects, introducing sort analysis method. The research of land use landscape pattern formation rules. The research showed that the population density, GDP density and landform on landscape pattern influence. (4) 1996~2012 Huailai County for land surface biological production area decreased, land carrying capacity index fell by 4.44 * 104ghm2; while the land ecosystem stability index average decreased from 0.6257 to 0.5914, the central county decreased significantly; landscape index of land average value decreased from 0.53 to 0.43, was significantly lower in the central and southern counties; comprehensive The land use ecological security index average value decreased from 0.68 to 0.65, the land ecological security situation is decreased significantly, the variation degree of safety index rise, change rate increase, spatial correlation decreased, spatial heterogeneity increased. During 1996~2012 on the whole Huailai county land use ecological conditions show a downward trend in the interference of the various affecting factors within the region, differentiation changes and complex. Projections indicate that in the short term in hilly area of Southwest slightly to maintain the status quo, most of the rest of the region showed a downward trend.

【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F301.2

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