农业区域专业化的理论与实证研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 17:21

本文关键词： 农业区域专业化形成机理生产集中度空间模型实证研究　出处：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：西方发达国家的农业发展历程表明,区域专业化是推动农业经济的基本前提和重要手段。我国的农业区域专业化起步于上世纪八十年代初期,经过三十多年的努力,取得了一定的成绩,但是专业化水平仍然较低。因此,如何快速提高农业区域专业化程度对于我国农业的发展具有十分重要的现实意义。本文首先对农业区域专业化进行理论分析,提出形成机理。接着描述了中国主要农作物(稻谷、小麦、玉米、花生和棉花)的生产区域及其变化情况。最后运用空间计量经济学的相关知识,建立空间模型,在省域层面,对我国农业区域专业化的影响因素进行实证分析。文章提出了农业区域专业化的形成动因和形成条件。前者包括区域比较优势、规模经济优势和农民增收效应,后者包括需求条件、供给条件、配套设施条件和政府农业政策。从我国农业区域专业化的描述性分析中可以看到,我国稻谷生产总体由东南沿海地区向北方地区转移,尤其是向东北三省移动；小麦则由东北和西南地区向华东和中南地区转移；玉米的增产主要发生在东北和华北地区；花生产业状况良好,传统主产区不断增产；棉花产业的生产区域变化较大,由中东部地区快速向新疆转移,后者已经成为全国最大的产棉基地。实证分析表明,我国农业生产存在明显的空间效应,区域专业化水平与有效灌溉面积、单产、农业人口呈显著正相关,与农村居民人均纯收入呈显著负相关,化肥施用量对不同农作物的专业化生产影响方向不同,在粮食作物专业化生产中,非农就业机会对其影响显著为负,而在经济作物中则变得不显著。根据研究结论,本文建议加强农业基础设施建设,提高农业科技水平；加大农业补贴力度,扩大农业保险范围；加快农村经济欠发达地区的农业专业化发展；健全农用地流转机制,扩大农业生产规模。
[Abstract]:The course of agricultural development in western developed countries shows that regional specialization is the basic prerequisite and important means to promote the agricultural economy. China's agricultural regional specialization started in the beginning of -20s and has gone through more than 30 years of efforts. Some achievements have been made, but the level of specialization is still low. Therefore, how to improve the degree of agricultural regional specialization is of great practical significance to the development of agriculture in China. In this paper, the regional specialization of agriculture is analyzed theoretically, and the formation mechanism is put forward, and then the main crops (rice, wheat, maize) in China are described. Finally, by using the relevant knowledge of spatial econometrics, the spatial model is established, and the influencing factors of agricultural regional specialization in China are analyzed empirically at the provincial level. The former includes regional comparative advantage, scale economy advantage and peasant income increasing effect, the latter includes demand condition and supply condition. From the descriptive analysis of agricultural regional specialization in China, we can see that rice production in our country has been transferred from the southeast coastal area to the north area, especially to the three northeast provinces; Wheat was transferred from northeast and southwest to east and south of China; maize production increased mainly in Northeast and North China; peanut industry was in good condition, and the traditional main producing areas were increasing production. The former has become the largest cotton production base in China. The empirical analysis shows that there are obvious spatial effects in agricultural production in China, regional specialization level, effective irrigation area, yield per unit yield, regional specialization level, and effective irrigation area. There was a significant positive correlation between the agricultural population and the per capita net income of rural residents. The effect of fertilizer application on the specialized production of different crops was different. The impact of non-farm employment opportunities was significantly negative, but not significant in cash crops. According to the conclusions of the study, this paper suggests strengthening the construction of agricultural infrastructure, improving the level of agricultural science and technology, increasing agricultural subsidies, expanding the scope of agricultural insurance, speeding up the development of agricultural specialization in the underdeveloped areas of rural economy. Improve the agricultural land transfer mechanism, expand the scale of agricultural production.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323

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