基于植物多样性恢复和保护的石漠化土地整理模式——以贵州撒拉溪和花江示范区为例

发布时间：2018-02-14 18:44

本文关键词： 土地整理植物多样性石漠化模式　出处：《中国岩溶》2016年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本文选取贵州毕节撒拉溪与关岭-贞丰花江示范区为研究对象,通过植物多样性和土地利用调查,掌握示范区植物种类、分布状况和生长特性,土地利用状况以及土地整理程度,选育植物先锋物种,结合模式构建的理论依据和边界条件,根据石漠化土地整理工程分区治理方法,在生态型土地整理技术体系的指导下,针对两个示范区具体情况分别提出温凉喀斯特高原山地潜在-轻度石漠化土地整理与混农林业复合经营模式和干热喀斯特高原峡谷中-强度石漠化土地整理与特色经果林集约经营模式。结果表明:(1)植物多样性本底调查是基于植物多样性恢复与保护的石漠化土地整理的基础,项目实施后还应对植物多样性进行动态监测。(2)土地整理规划设计应融入生态理念,构建基于植物多样性恢复和保护的石漠化土地整理模式,有助于生态修复和重建脆弱生态环境:2011-2014年期间,毕节撒拉溪示范区植被覆盖率上升8.51%,无石漠化面积扩大22.53hm~2;关岭-贞丰花江示范区植被覆盖率上升4.47%,无石漠化面积扩大13.2hm~2。(3)模式的构建依托于技术体系,毕节撒拉溪示范区主要采用潜在-轻度石漠化人工种草与草地生态改良丰产栽培技术、以金银花(Lonicera japonica)为主的坡地植物篱保水固土技术等进行模式构建;花江示范区选取以花椒-玉米为主的林粮空间优化配置技术、以皇竹草-苜蓿草为主的草地营养优化配置技术等构建经营模式。
[Abstract]:This paper selects Guizhou Bijie salaxi and Guanling - Zhenfeng Huajiang demonstration area as the research object, through the investigation of plant diversity and land use control, plant species demonstration area, distribution and growth characteristics, the status of land use and land consolidation degree, the pioneer species of plant breeding, combined with the theoretical basis and the boundary conditions of model construction, according to the management method of Engineering zoning arrangement of rocky desertification land, in the technical system of ecological land consolidation under the guidance of the two demonstration area specific cases are put cool Karst mountain plateau potential mild rocky desertification land consolidation and Agro forestry compound management model of Karst plateau and dry valley - strength rocky desertification land consolidation and characteristics the forest intensive management mode. The results showed that: (1) the investigation of plant diversity is the foundation of the rocky desertification land restoration and protection of plant diversity based on the After the implementation of the project, but also deal with the plant diversity of dynamic monitoring. (2) the planning and design of land consolidation should be integrated into the concept of ecological construction, consolidation model of Rocky Desertification Land Plant Biodiversity Restoration and conservation based, contribute to the ecological restoration and reconstruction of the fragile ecological environment: a period of 2011-2014 years, the vegetation of Bijie salaxi demonstration area coverage rose 8.51%, non rocky desertification area expanded 22.53hm~2; Guanling - Zhenfeng Huajiang demonstration area increased by 4.47% vegetation coverage, no rocky desertification area expanded 13.2hm~2. (3) model based on technology system, Bijie salaxi demonstration zone mainly uses the potential - light rocky desertification and grassland ecological improvement of artificial grass cultivation technology honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), based on the hedgerow soil water conservation technology for model construction; Huajiang demonstration area to select the optimal allocation of forest crop spatial technology to pepper - corn, to The management model of the optimal allocation technology of the grassland nutrition, such as the bamboo grass - alfalfa grass, was built.

【作者单位】：贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院;国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心;
【基金】：国家十三五重点研发计划课题“喀斯特高原石漠化综合治理生态产业模式与技术集成示范”(2016YFC0502607) 贵州省科技计划重大专项(黔科合重大专项字[2014]6007号)
【分类号】：Q948;F301.24

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