黑龙江省种植业结构调整潜力研究

发布时间：2018-02-16 07:01

本文关键词： 种植业结构调整调整潜力　出处：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农业结构调整就是通过对农业结构的调整,使一个国家或地区的农业资源得到最合理的配置,从而使农业结构趋于合理,使农业生产的效益水平不断提高的过程。而在农业结构调整中,种植业结构调整则是作为主体部分表现的。黑龙江省是我国的农业大省,在全国的粮食安全中担任重要角色,尤其是在水稻、玉米、大豆、小麦的生产上,但在长期的农业生产过程中,黑龙江省的玉米和水稻一直占据主要地位,大豆、小麦等作物的种植规模逐渐减少,加之“主辅换位”的政策,造成产业结构不合理,种植业规模缩减的局面。因此,在今后的农业生产中农业产业结构调整尤其是种植业结构调整将是农业科学发展的关键。据此,本文以黑龙江省种植业结构调整为题,重点研究黑龙江省种植业结构调整的潜力,为黑龙江省的种植业结构调整提供理论依据和政策参考。本文在对国内外相关文献进行梳理的基础上,首先对种植业结构调整的相关概念进行界定,并以比较优势理论、产业发展理论、边际效益理论作为本文研究的理论基础。在统计数据的基础上,本文进一步对黑龙江省种植业结构调整的现状以及存在的问题的进行分析,分析发现,黑龙江省的种植业结构调整面临许多的限制条件,尤其是土地资源、水资源的限制,同时在调整过程中也存在着重数量、轻质量现象、调整成效甚微等问题。因而,在分析问题的基础上,本文在理论上找出影响黑龙江省种植业结构调整的因素,并在此基础上,采用多目标模型、线性规划模型以及相关的预测模型,对这些因素进行预测,综合成系统的预测模型,依据环境等条件的状况,对黑龙江省种植业结构调整的潜力进行测定。最后根据相关现状及问题,进一步提出推进黑龙江省种植业结构调整的对策和建议。经过本文的研究,本文认为黑龙江省的四大作物——水稻、玉米、大豆、小麦的种植规模除水稻外总体上呈减少趋势,其中由于水稻具有相对明显的比较优势,种植规模略有增加,而其他三类作物,总体上种植规模会有所减少。因此,在黑龙江省今后的种植业结构调整过程中,应该确保合理的调整潜力,保障粮食安全,加大产业化经营的力度,培养新型的农业经营主体,提高我省的农业基础地位。
[Abstract]:The adjustment of agricultural structure is to make the agricultural resources of a country or region the most reasonable allocation through the adjustment of agricultural structure, so that the agricultural structure tends to be reasonable. In the adjustment of agricultural structure, the adjustment of planting structure is the main part of the performance. Heilongjiang Province is a big agricultural province in China, which plays an important role in the national food security. Especially in the production of rice, corn, soybeans and wheat, but in the long-term agricultural production process, the corn and rice in Heilongjiang Province have always occupied the main position. The planting scale of crops such as soybeans and wheat has gradually decreased. In addition, the policy of "shifting the main and auxiliary roles" has resulted in an unreasonable industrial structure and a reduction in the scale of the planting industry. The adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, especially the adjustment of planting structure, will be the key to the development of agricultural science in the future agricultural production. In order to provide theoretical basis and policy reference for the adjustment of planting structure in Heilongjiang Province, this paper focuses on the potential of crop structure adjustment in Heilongjiang Province. First of all, it defines the related concepts of crop structure adjustment, and takes comparative advantage theory, industry development theory and marginal benefit theory as the theoretical basis of this paper. This paper further analyzes the present situation and existing problems of crop structure adjustment in Heilongjiang Province, and finds out that the adjustment of planting structure in Heilongjiang Province is faced with many restrictions, especially the limitation of land resources and water resources. At the same time, there are some problems in the process of adjustment, such as quantity, light quality and little effect. Therefore, based on the analysis of the problems, this paper finds out the factors that influence the adjustment of crop structure in Heilongjiang Province theoretically, and on this basis, The multiobjective model, linear programming model and related prediction model are used to predict these factors, which are integrated into a systematic prediction model, according to the condition of environment, etc. The potentiality of crop structure adjustment in Heilongjiang Province is measured. Finally, according to the current situation and problems, the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the structure adjustment of planting industry in Heilongjiang Province are put forward. In this paper, it is concluded that the planting scale of four major crops in Heilongjiang Province, rice, corn, soybean and wheat, shows a general decreasing trend except for rice, in which the planting scale increases slightly due to the relatively obvious comparative advantage of rice. As for the other three crops, the scale of planting will decrease on the whole. Therefore, in the process of the future adjustment of the planting structure in Heilongjiang Province, we should ensure reasonable adjustment potential, ensure food security, and increase the intensity of industrialized management. Cultivate new agricultural management main body, improve our province's agriculture foundation position.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F326.11

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