河南省土地流转信托运营机制及实践探索

发布时间：2018-03-03 10:11

本文选题：河南省　切入点：土地流转信托　出处：《郑州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着新型城镇化的推进,农村大量劳动力向二三产业转移,农村土地闲置率开始上升,为了解决土地抛荒现象,各地纷纷开始进行土地流转。通过土地流转,农村土地利用率开始上升,土地流出方和土地流入方的收益较之前也都有所增加。但随着土地流转的推进,土地流转不规范、农业经营主体融资难等问题也接踵而至,掣肘了土地流转作用的发挥,亟需探索新的土地流转方式解决当前土地流转面临的难题,土地流转信托应运而生。近年来,河南省作为农业大省正着力打造粮食生产核心区,在稳定发展粮食生产的同时,积极推进农村经营体制创新。随着其他地区土地流转信托的开展及其优势的显现,河南省认识到土地流转信托是一种有效的土地改革途径,不仅能够有效解决现有土地流转中出现的问题,还具有降低农业生产成本、挤出增值收益、提高农产品质量等一系列红利效应。因此,研究河南省土地流转信托的运营机制及实践探索有助于从根本上理解信托在土地流转中的作用和意义,有利于土地流转信托盈利模式的探索,从而推动河南省农村经济的发展,具有较大的现实意义。而现有的研究中对土地流转信托运营机制的研究还比较少。基于此,以土地流转信托所应具备的基本条件作为研究出发点,创造性地得出土地确权、土地规模经营、农业保险的嵌入及完善的农村社会保障机制是土地流转信托推行的基本条件,以期为河南省及其他地区土地流转信托的推行奠定基础。通过理论及盈利矩阵模型论证了信托契约具有交易成本优势,得出土地流转信托是一种较好的制度选择,重点利用了有限动态博弈模型论证了土地流转信托微观交易主体的行为选择依据,得出在不完全信息下,委托人不能观测到受托人的努力情况,受托人的最高努力水平低于完全信息下受托人的努力水平,从而来增加自身的经济效用,他会把责任归为外界不确定因素,以此来逃避委托人的指责,即存在“道德风险”问题。在完全信息下,引入政府外部监督及激励机制,委托人及受托人行为的最优纳什均衡为(委托,努力)。因此,在政府的外部监督下,只要政府的奖励和惩罚合理,受托人也会选择接受委托,并努力经营土地,获得土地的高效收益,同时也保护了土地的高效农业用途。实地调研发现河南省有些地区已经具备开展土地流转信托的条件,淮滨县等地已经开始进行实践探索,并取得了一定的成效。但在调研中也发现河南省的土地确权工作尚未全面完成,农村社会保障机制不够健全,对农业经营主体和信托机构的资格审查不够重视等问题,这些问题有可能滋生土地流转信托风险。为了降低风险可能性,可从加快土地确权工作,健全农村社会保障机制,建立农业经营主体资格审查机制以及加强对信托机构的审查力度几方面着手,为土地流转信托的制度制定及选择提供一种思路,从而推进河南省的农业现代化及城镇化进程。
[Abstract]:With the advance of new urbanization, a large number of rural labor transfer to the two or three industry, rural land idle rate began to rise, in order to solve the phenomenon of land abandonment, have started around the land. The land circulation, rural land utilization rate began to rise, land and land inflow outflow side gains than before also increased. But with the to promote land circulation, land circulation is not standard, agricultural enterprises financing problems ensued, constraints of the land transfer function, we need to explore new ways to solve the problem when the land before the land transfer, land transfer trust came into being. In recent years, as a major agricultural province of Henan province is to build the core of grain production in the stable development of grain production area, and actively promote the innovation of rural management system. With the transfer of land trust in other areas and carry out Advantage, Henan province to realize the land transfer trust is an effective way to land reform, not only can effectively solve the existing problems in the land circulation, but also has to reduce the agricultural production cost, out of value-added benefits, improve the quality of agricultural products and a series of dividend effect. Therefore, the operating mechanism and practice of land transfer trust research Henan Province, the exploration is helpful in understanding and meaning of trust in land transfer function fundamentally, is conducive to explore the land transfer trust profit model, so as to promote the development of rural economy in Henan Province, has the practical significance is large. And the operating mechanism of the land transfer trust of the existing research is still relatively small. Based on this, the land transfer should have the basic conditions of the trust as the starting point, creatively the land ownership, land management, agricultural insurance is embedded and perfect The rural social security system is the basic condition for the implementation of the land transfer trust, in order to lay the foundation for the implementation of the trust land transfer in Henan province and other regions. Through theory and profit matrix model demonstrates the trust contract with transaction cost advantage, the land transfer trust is to choose a better system, focusing on the use of the finite dynamic game model demonstration the land transfer trust micro transaction behavior of the main selection, obtained under incomplete information to the client can not observe the trustee, the trustee of the highest level is lower than the end to the trustee under the full information level of effort, in order to increase the economic utility of its own, he will take responsibility for the uncertainty the principal factors, so as to avoid the criticism, namely "moral hazard". In the case of complete information, the introduction of government external supervision and incentive mechanism, the principal The optimal Nash equilibrium to behavior and the trustee (trust, effort). Therefore, the external supervision of the government, as long as the government's reward and punishment is reasonable, the trustee will choose to accept the Commission, and to manage the land, efficiency gains access to land, but also to protect the agricultural land use efficiency of field research. Found that some areas of Henan province has to carry out the land transfer trust conditions, Huaibin county and other places have begun to practice and exploration, and achieved certain results. But in the survey also found that land ownership in Henan province has not been fully completed, the rural social security mechanism is not perfect, the problem of qualification of agricultural business entities and trusts not pay enough attention to these problems, it is possible to breed trust land transfer risk. In order to reduce the risk from speeding up the possibility of land ownership, perfecting the rural social security mechanism construction In order to promote the modernization of agriculture and the process of urbanization in Henan Province, we should set up the qualification examination mechanism and strengthen the review of trust institutions.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F321.1

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