左江流域生态用地类型划分及其保护对策研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 12:50

本文选题：生态用地　切入点：类型划分　出处：《广西师范学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生态用地是土地资源中,将生态功能作为主导功能的各种土地利用类型的总称。生态用地凭借其自身具备的各类重要的生态服务功能,对稳定区域生态安全、改善自然环境发挥的关键作用,是其他土地类型不可替代的。相对于土地的经济等其他效益,土地的生态效益是无形的,生态用地的保护在社会经济发展过程中常常受到忽视。生态用地向城镇建设用地、耕地转变的现象时常发生,致使其生态服务功能无法正常发挥作用,衰退甚至丧失。“生态”与“吃饭、建设”之间的土地矛盾日益严峻,难以真正实现兼顾。科学合理的对生态用地进行保护,对于土地利用管理而言,是在各项土地利用管理工作过程中协调好环境与社会发展之间矛盾的焦点,有利于土地资源节约集约利用。对于区域而言,有利于稳定生态安全,实现各方面协调、健康、可持续发展。划分生态用地类型,有依据的制定有针对性的保护措施,是科学合理保护生态用地的基础和有效途径。在前人研究成果的基础上,对生态用地的内涵和分类进行界定,并探讨其类型划分的方法。选取具有重要保护意义的左江流域生态用地为研究对象,将评价单元设定成大小为3km×3km的网格。从生态敏感性、生态服务功能重要性、服务价值三个方面出发,从土壤、水资源、生物角度选取相关的自然属性指标,进行评价,计算出各单元生态用地保护的重要程度指数。按照指数高低,划分成:极重要、重要、中等重要、一般四种生态用地类型。极重要生态用地数量为4423.03km2,占左江流域生态用地总量的30.31%。主要分布在左江流域上游和中游,土地利用类型主要为有林地,且主要为天然林。具体分布于左江源头区、重要支流黑水河源头部分两岸的大石山区、大部分生物物种的核心栖息地;重要生态用地数量为3712.13km2,占左江流域生态用地总量的25.44%。土地利用类型主要为有林地和灌木林地,主要分布在左江流域内各水库库区、饮用水源地区以及各自然保护区等极重要生态用地的周边,其中大部分分布于左江流域的中上游,少量分布于左江流域下游;中等重要生态用地数量为4637.34km2,占左江流域生态用地数量的31.78%,土地利用类型主要为有林地和裸地。主要分布在河流中上游丘陵地区,少量分布于流域下游;一般生态用地数量为1820.92km2,占左江流域生态用地的12.48%。土地利用类型以灌木林地和裸地为主,主要集中在左江流域中下游河谷平原区。根据左江流域生态用地类型划分结果,提出保护对策:(1)实行生态用地分类管制;(2)实施左江流域生态用地保护补偿;(3)建立监测、评估与考核机制。
[Abstract]:Ecological land use is a general term of various land use types in which ecological function is regarded as the dominant function in land resources. Ecological land can stabilize regional ecological security by virtue of its various important ecological service functions. The key role played by the improvement of the natural environment is irreplaceable for other types of land. Compared with other benefits such as the economy of land, the ecological benefits of land are intangible. The protection of ecological land is often ignored in the process of social and economic development. The phenomenon of ecological land conversion to urban construction land and cultivated land often occurs, which results in the failure of its ecological service function. The contradiction between "ecology" and "eating and building" is becoming more and more serious, and it is difficult to truly realize the conservation of ecological land. For the management of land use, it is difficult to protect ecological land scientifically and reasonably. It is the focus of coordinating the contradiction between environment and social development in the process of land use management, which is beneficial to the conservation and intensive utilization of land resources. For the region, it is conducive to the stability of ecological security, the realization of coordination and health in all aspects. Sustainable development. Division of ecological land types, based on the formulation of targeted protection measures, scientific and reasonable protection of ecological land is the basis and effective way. On the basis of previous research results, The connotation and classification of ecological land are defined, and the method of classification of ecological land is discussed. The ecological land of Zuojiang river basin with important significance of protection is selected as the research object, and the evaluation unit is set into a grid of 3 km 脳 3 km. Based on the three aspects of the importance of ecological service function and service value, the related natural attribute indexes are selected from the aspects of soil, water resources and biology, and the important degree index of ecological land conservation of each unit is calculated according to the index. It is divided into: extremely important, important, medium important, generally four types of ecological land use. The number of extremely important ecological land is 4423.03km2, which accounts for 30.31% of the total ecological land use in the Zuojiang River Basin. It is mainly distributed in the upper and middle reaches of the Zuojiang River Basin. The land use type is mainly woodland and mainly natural forest. It is distributed in the source area of Zuojiang River, the Dashishan area on both sides of the headwaters of the important tributary Heishui River, and the core habitat of most biological species. The number of important ecological land is 3712.13 km2, which accounts for 25.44% of the total ecological land in Zuojiang River Basin. The main types of land use are woodland and shrubbery land, which are mainly distributed in the reservoir areas of Zuo River Basin. Drinking water sources and other important ecological land around the nature reserves, most of which are distributed in the middle and upper reaches of the Zuojiang River Basin, a small amount of distribution in the lower reaches of the Zuojiang River Basin; The number of medium important ecological land is 4637.34 km2, accounting for 31.78% of the total ecological land in Zuojiang River basin. The main types of land use are woodland and bare land, mainly distributed in the hilly areas of the middle and upper reaches of the river, and a small amount in the lower reaches of the river basin. The amount of general ecological land is 1820.92 km2, which accounts for 12.48% of the ecological land in Zuojiang River Basin. The main types of land use are shrub land and bare land, mainly concentrated in the valley plain of the middle and lower reaches of Zuojiang River Basin. According to the classification results of ecological land use in Zuojiang River Basin, Put forward the protection countermeasure: 1) implement the ecological land classification control and 2) implement the ecological land protection and compensation in the Zuojiang river basin, establish the monitoring, evaluation and assessment mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F301.2

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