吉林省农村可持续性脱贫问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 15:04

本文选题：农村贫困　切入点：农村贫困治理　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：长久以来,农村贫困问题都是萦绕在党和人民心中的头号大事。从1949年新中国成立开始到跨入二十一世纪,我们一直在不遗余力的进行农村贫困可持续性脱贫工作,通过几个阶段的治理,我国农村贫困问题得到了明显的缓解,全国农村贫困人口大幅度减少。从此我国农村脱贫问题进入了攻坚期。这一时期的农村贫困问题的特点是:农村贫困人口的贫困程度深,集中成片分布在生态环境恶劣地区、贫困问题成因复杂多样化。改革开放三十年间,吉林省农村贫困人口在总量上有所下降,生产生活水平均有了稳步的提高,但是新的问题也不断暴露出来。习近平总书记提出的让贫困人口实现小康的目标为吉林省农村可持续性脱贫工程带来了新的挑战。2011年以来,吉林省的农村贫困治理工作进入攻坚期。新阶段吉林省农村贫困问题主要表现出因病致贫、边境村贫困、生产条件差致贫等特点。引起这些问题的原因主要包括:一是农村贫困地区自然条件差,灾害频发;二是,农村贫困地区人口素质低;三是,贫困地区经济结构单一,农业经济增长缓慢;四是,对于扶贫政策实施监督管理不到位,政策施行低效率。这些都制约着吉林省农村贫困地区的发展。本文首先梳理了国内外关于贫困问题研究的现状,阐释贫困的相关概念和主流学派的脱贫理论。运用横向、纵向比较的分析方法,对吉林省近年来农村经济社会水平与全国的平均发展水平进行比较描述,从农业发展、社会民生等角度对吉林省农村贫困问题的现状进行对比性描述,并指出吉林省农村贫困的新问题,对吉林省农村的主要致贫因素进行了分析,找出结症所在。然后,从宏观角度梳理了吉林省的农村扶贫开发进程,再从微观层面即专项扶贫和产业扶贫角度对吉林省现阶段的农村可持续性脱贫成果进行总结,对镇赉县可持续性脱贫案例进行分析。最后,通过总结了国内外主要地区贫困治理经验,结合吉林省可持续性脱贫工作实际,针对吉林省农村可持续性脱贫工作的不足之处提出政策建议。本文的主要创新点体现在将中国特色减贫理论与西方减贫理论相结合,更加注重微观部分的调节作用,指出摆脱贫困不能仅靠政府和社会各方的扶持,脱贫致富更是贫困人口自己的事。强调从农村贫困人口自身出发,借助国家政策,实现一种自循环式可持续发展。既要注重贫困人口脱贫的短期效果,又要注重贫困人口脱贫的长期回报率,培养农村贫困人口自身的脱贫致富能力,在未来即使没有政策支持,这个群体也能一直走在脱贫致富的大路上。总之,关注农村贫困问题,解决农村贫困问题,是使农村贫困人口摆脱贫困问题的必然选择,是建设社会主义和谐社会,实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦的重要举措。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the issue of rural poverty has been a top priority in the minds of the Party and the people. From the beginning of the founding of New China in 1949 to 21th century, we have been sparing no effort in the sustainable eradication of poverty in rural areas. Through several stages of governance, the problem of rural poverty in China has been significantly alleviated. Since then, the problem of rural poverty relief in China has entered a critical period. The characteristics of the rural poverty problem in this period are: the poverty level of the rural poor population is deep, and they are concentrated in areas with poor ecological conditions. The causes of poverty are complex and diversified. During the period of reform and opening up to the outside world, the total number of rural poor in Jilin Province has declined, and the standard of living and production has steadily improved. However, new problems have also been exposed. General Secretary Xi Jinping's goal of making the poor people well-off has brought new challenges to the project of sustainable rural poverty eradication in Jilin Province. Since 2011, The rural poverty control work in Jilin Province has entered a critical stage. In the new stage, the rural poverty problem in Jilin Province mainly shows poverty caused by illness and poverty in border villages. The main causes of these problems include: first, poor natural conditions and frequent disasters in poor rural areas; second, low quality of the population in poor rural areas; and third, a single economic structure in poor rural areas. The agricultural economy is growing slowly; fourth, the poor supervision and management of poverty alleviation policies and the inefficient implementation of policies restrict the development of poor rural areas in Jilin Province. Firstly, this paper reviews the current situation of poverty research at home and abroad. This paper explains the related concepts of poverty and the theory of poverty eradication of mainstream schools. By using horizontal and vertical comparative analysis methods, this paper compares the rural economic and social level of Jilin Province with the national average level of development in recent years, and from the perspective of agricultural development, This paper makes a comparative description of the present situation of rural poverty in Jilin Province from the perspectives of social and livelihood, and points out the new problems of rural poverty in Jilin Province, analyzes the main factors leading to poverty in rural areas of Jilin Province, and finds out where the problem lies. This paper combs the process of rural poverty alleviation and development in Jilin Province from a macro perspective, and then summarizes the achievements of rural sustainable poverty alleviation in Jilin Province at the present stage from the micro level, that is, special poverty alleviation and industrial poverty alleviation. Finally, through summing up the experience of poverty management in the main areas at home and abroad, combining with the practice of sustainable poverty alleviation in Jilin Province, the paper analyzes the case of sustainable poverty eradication in Zhenlai County. The main innovation of this paper is to combine the theory of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics and western theories of poverty reduction, and pay more attention to the adjusting function of micro part. It is pointed out that getting rid of poverty cannot only depend on the support of the government and all parties in the society, and that getting rid of poverty is even more a matter for the poor people themselves. It is emphasized that starting from the rural poor and relying on national policies, Realize a kind of self-circulation sustainable development. We should not only pay attention to the short-term effect of poverty eradication of poor people, but also pay attention to the long-term rate of return of poverty alleviation among poor people, and cultivate the ability of rural poor people to extricate themselves from poverty and become rich, even if there is no policy support in the future. In short, paying attention to the problem of rural poverty and solving the problem of rural poverty is an inevitable choice for the rural poor to extricate themselves from poverty and to build a harmonious socialist society. Chinese Dream's important move to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8

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